In: Statistics and Probability
Research paradigm- Research paradism is overall framework or template within it experiments are interpreted. The set of common belief among scientists about how problems are understood. Every research uses research paradism to use a guideline to develop research methodology and to take research in a manner that valid and appropriate.
According to Lincoln and Guba (1985)
Ontology- What is reality?
Epistimology- How do you know something?
Methodology- How do you find abot the problem?
Methods- What tools is used to aquire the knowledge?
(Shifft in paradism) Shift in scientific theory require new paradism E.g.Theory of Relativity become new paradism that was more complete theory to replace Newton's law.
Most appropriate paradism
Pragmatism-Reality is constantly renegociated debated in light of its usefullness in new unpredictable situation.
It solves the problem finding out the means change in underlying aim.The reason for this is that pragmatism pretends to be its own purpose just as empiricism pretends to be its own evidence. Pragmatism takes ‘what works’ and establishes itself as the beginning and the end of what elucidates that. It is “an approach that evaluates theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application“.
That performance might be entirely personal. In that case that is their purpose. Once a function has been found there is no reason to reconsider - that wouldn’t be pragmatic. What works works. Why does it work that way?
He made a pragmatic decision not to come home from abroad when his grandmother died because of his status as illegal alien in that country.
Philosophy behind a very complex "problem" is not so important, as wether it will solve the addressed issue.
The philosophy of pragmatism “emphasizes the sensible utility of strategies through acting on them to genuinely scan them in human experiences”. Pragmatism makes a speciality of a “altering universe rather than an unchanging one as the Idealists, Realists.