In: Chemistry
Explain what is the difference between the experiments synthesis of tert-butyl chloride and the synthesis of butyl chloride in terms of: 1) Process, 2). Reaction mechanism
Solution:
Difference between the synthesis of tert-butyl chloride and butyl chloride is given in the below table.
tert-butyl chloride | Butyl chloride |
1) Process: | |
- Reactants are tert-butanol, concentrated aqueous HCl. | - Reactants are n-butanol, concentrated aqueous HCl, ZnCl2. ZnCl2 acts a dehydrating agent |
- Ambient temperature reaction. | - Reflux temperature reaction. |
- Reaction shall be carried out in separatory funnel. (Inside the fume hood) | - Reaction should be carried out in a reaction set up with reflux condenser. (Inside the fume hood) |
- Faster conversion. | - Slower conversion |
- Purification of the product is by slower fractional distillation. | - Purification of the product is by slower fractional distillation (Multiple times). |
- Typical yield is 40 - 60% on tert-butanol. | - Typical yield is 60 - 70% on n-butanol. |
2) Mechanism: | |
- Reaction proceeds through SN1 pathway. (Mechanism is given below in the below image) | - Reaction proceeds through SN2 pathway. (Mechanism is given below in the below image) |