Approaches to Psychological Treatment-
- Hypnotherapy is guided hypnosis, or a
trance-like state of focus and concentration achieved with the help
of a clinical hypnotherapist. This trance-like state is similar to
being completely absorbed in a book, movie, music, or even one's
own thoughts or meditations. In this state, clients can turn their
attention completely inward to find and utilize the natural
resources deep within themselves that can help them make changes or
regain control in certain areas of their life. Although there are
different techniques, clinical hypnotherapy is generally performed
in a calm, therapeutic environment. The therapist will guide you
into a relaxed, focused state and ask you to think about
experiences and situations in positive ways that can help you
change the way you think and behave. Unlike some dramatic
portrayals of hypnosis in movies, books, or on stage, you will not
be unconscious, asleep, or in any way out of control of yourself.
You will hear the therapist’s suggestions, but it is up to you to
decide whether or not to act on them. Hypnosis is not a
psychotherapeutic treatment or a form of psychotherapy, but rather
a tool or procedure that helps facilitate various types of
therapies and medical or psychological treatments. Only trained
health care providers certified in clinical hypnosis can decide,
with their patient, if hypnosis should be used along with other
treatments. As with psychotherapy, the length of hypnosis treatment
varies, depending on the complexity of the problem.
- Integrative therapy is a progressive form of
psychotherapy that combines different therapeutic tools and
approaches to fit the needs of the individual client. With an
understanding of normal human development, an integrative therapist
modifies standard treatments to fill in development gaps that
affect each client in different ways. By combining elements drawn
from different schools of psychological theory and research,
integrative therapy becomes a more flexible and inclusive approach
to treatment than more traditional, singular forms of
psychotherapy. Integrative psychotherapy techniques can be
incorporated into almost any type of therapeutic work with
children, adolescents, and adults, in individual practice or group
settings. An integrative approach can be used to treat any number
of psychological problems and disorders, including depression,
anxiety, and personality disorders. The therapist matches
evidence-based treatments to each client and each disorder.
Integrative therapy is more inclusive of the client than
traditional forms of therapy, where the client plays a less active
role in treatment. Integrative psychotherapists consider the
individual characteristics, preferences, needs, physical abilities,
spiritual beliefs, and motivation level of their clients and use
their professional judgment to decide the best approach to therapy
for each client. Different approaches may be used consecutively
throughout different stages of the therapeutic process or they may
be used as a single combined form of therapy throughout. There are
more than 400 different types of psychotherapy, differentiated by
their approach, the clients they serve, and how long and how often
the therapist typically meets with clients. Research shows that
even though each of these approaches vary somewhat, they can all
result in similar outcomes. And because a single approach to
psychotherapy does not always provide the best benefit to the
client, therapists—who are trained in one particular therapeutic
model, such as cognitive-behavioral, family, or gestalt
therapy—often use tools borrowed from other therapies to come up
with a unique and effective form of treatment that is suitable and
effective for individual clients. Some psychotherapists simply
refer to themselves as integrative therapists, rather than identify
with one therapeutic model. Although similar in style, integrative
therapy differs from eclectic therapy in that it uses techniques
backed by scientific research and proven to treat specific
disorders, whereas eclectic therapy focuses more on the
effectiveness of a technique and is less concerned with whether or
not scientific evidence has proven its effectiveness for specific
problems.
- Unlike traditional forms of therapy that take time to analyze
problems, pathology and past life events, Solution-Focused
Brief Therapy (SFBT) concentrates on finding solutions in
the present time and exploring one’s hope for the future to find
quicker resolution of one’s problems. This method takes the
approach that you know what you need to do to improve your own life
and, with the appropriate coaching and questioning, are capable of
finding the best solutions. SFBT can stand alone as a therapeutic
intervention, or it can be used along with other therapy styles and
treatments. It is used to treat people of all ages and a variety of
issues, including child behavioral problems, family dysfunction,
domestic or child abuse, addiction, and relationship problems.
Though not a cure for psychiatric disorders such as depression or
schizophrenia, SFBT may help improve quality of life for those who
suffer from these conditions. Goal-setting is at the foundation of
SFBT; one of the first steps is to identify and clarify your goals.
The therapist will begin by questioning what you hope to get out of
working with the therapist and how, specifically, your life would
change when steps were taken to resolve problems. By answering
these types of questions, you can begin to identify solutions and
come up with a plan for change. One of the key questions the
therapist asks is called the miracle question: “If a miracle
occurred while you were asleep tonight, what changes would you
notice in your life tomorrow?” This opens up your mind to creative
thinking and, again, to setting goals and developing a clear plan
that will lead to life-changing solutions. SFBT was developed by
Milwaukee psychotherapists Steve De Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in
the late 1970s, early 1980s out of an interest in paying more
attention to what people want and what works best for the
individual, in contrast to more traditional psychotherapies that
presume to know what works for different types of problems. One of
the original beliefs of SFBT therapists was that the solution to a
problem is found in the “exceptions,” or those times when one is
free of the problem or taking steps to manage the problem. Working
from the theory that all individuals are at least somewhat
motivated to find solutions, SFBT begins with what the individual
is currently doing to initiate behavioral and lifestyle changes.
The therapist uses interventions such as specific questioning
techniques, 0-10 scales, empathy and compliments that help a person
to recognize one’s own virtues, like courage and strength, that
have recently gotten the person through hard times and are likely
to work well in the future. Individuals learn to focus on what they
can do, rather than what they can’t, which allows them to find
solutions and make positive changes more quickly.