Question

1. Identify the possible values of each of the 3 variables in this dataset and describe what information each of the 3 variables tells us about the data

Heart rate before and after exercise
M=0 F=1	Resting	After Exercise
0	85.9	87.5
0	67.7	79.4
0	80.3	93.4
0	85.2	97.7
0	86.3	99.7
0	76.6	83.7

Answer 1

The first variable tells us that there are six males in the data whose heart rate before and after exercise is measured.

The second variable Resting tells us the heart rate of the males before exercising.

The third variable After Exercise tells us the heart rate of the males after exercising.

From the dataset, it is clear that the heart rate increases after exercising.

Performing a paired t-test on this test, we get:

The hypothesis being tested is:

H₀: µ₁ = µ₂

H_a: µ₁ ≠ µ₂

The output is:

80.3333	mean Resting
90.2333	mean After Exercise
-9.9000	mean difference (Resting - After Exercise)
4.6738	std. dev.
1.9081	std. error
6	n
5	df
-5.189	t
.0035	p-value (two-tailed)

Since the p-value is less than the significance level, we can reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, we cannot conclude that there is a significant difference in heart rates of males before and after exercising.