Question

Compare and contrast the structural anatomy of the superior and inferior chambers of the heart. What anatomical characteristics are similar in both? Which features are unique to a particular chamber? For each feature, indicate its location and include a brief description of its function. Use terms like endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, the names of great vessels, auricle, papillary muscle, pectinate muscle, types/names of valves, fossa ovalis, chordae tendineae, interventricular septum, parts of the conduction system.

Answer 1

Differances -

-Fossa ovalis between right and left atrium fossa ovalis is remanent of foramen ovale

- SA node and AV node ae present in right atrium. Their fibres distributes in entire area of left atrium and ventricles

- contraction of atrium occurs little earlier then ventricles , this occurs because impulse is delayed by AV node

-Ventricular muscular layer ( myocardium) is more thicker than atrial myocardium. This is because ventricles have to move blood outside of heart into arteries , so it has to apply more pressure then pressure inside artery.

- papillary muscls and chordae tendnaie which are attached to mitral valve are are present inside ventricles and attached on other side with ventricular endometrium

-Atrium have an extended portion known as Auricle

Similarities-

- atrium and ventricles work in same rhythm . In a normal heart ECG , after every P wave there will be a Q RS complex

- atrium and ventricles of same side carrier same kind of blood . Ex - right atrium gets deoxygenated blood from superior and inferior vena cava and then it goes to right ventricle , from there it reaches to pulmonary artery

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