Question

1. What is an enzyme?

2. How does an enzyme work? how does an enzyme, such as amylase, break down polysaccharides?

3. how does this compare to your mechanism by which saccharides break down in the stomach? Explain.

4. Do all sugars produce glucose when they break down?

5. Why is mother's milk lactose instead of maltose? What might be the difference between the two?

-A typed answer would be best, if not, please neat handwriting, thanks! :)

Answer 1

Ans1-An enzyme is a protein which function as biological catalyst inside the living cells.Also catalyst increases the speed of the reaction without being consumed itself.As a catalyst an enzyme can facilitate the same reaction over and over again.

Ans2-​Enzyme is a biological catalyst that increases the speed of chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy of molecule without being used up.Enzymes are proteins folded into complex shape that allows smaller molecules to fit into them and the place where these substrae molecules fit is called the active site.The work of enzyme is as follows:-

1.substrate binds to the active site of enzyme.

2.enzyme and substrate usually change their shape to fit each other perfectly,thereby forming an enzyme-substrate complex.

3.the reaction occurs forming products that are then released.

4.the enzyme is free to bind to other substrate molecules.

amylase or the salivery amylase which is present in saliva break down the polysaccharides into oligosaccarides which are smaller fragment of two to eight linked glucose molecule.once in stomach the acidity breaks down this enzyme the polysaccharides that survuved the salivary amylase are further break down in intestine by pancreatic amylase.

Ans3-polysaccaride break down in intestine by pancreatic amylase.Intestinal enzyme further hydrolze oligosaccharide and disaccharide into constituent monosaccharide such enzyme include dextrinase,glucoamylase,maltase,sucrase and lactase.

​Ans4-Yes Most sugars once ingested break down into the simple sugar glucose.But in the digestion of sucrose both glucose and fructose are released in bloodstream.

​Ans5-Breastmilk always contain lactose .lactase is an enzyme which the body uses to digest sugar in milk if there is not enough lactase milk sugar gets into large bowel and may cause gut pains and diarrohea this is called lactose intolerence.On the other hand maltose is an intermediate in the intestinal digestion of gly.cogen and starch and is found in germinating grains.

difference-lactose is a diasaccharide and is composed of glactose and glucose lactose makes up 2-8%of milk whereas maltose is a diasaccharide formed from two units of glucose with an alpha bond.