Question

1.) How does pH influence oxygen binding ?

2.) describe the following enzyme and what type of reaction they catalyze

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Glycogen synthase

Hexokinase

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Glycogen phosphorylase

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

Lactase

Answer 1

1. Near Lungs : the CO2 concentration is less and the pH of the blood increases, which favours the abstracting of oxygen due to Bohr effect. Haemoglobin changes its conformation to R state where high possibility to bind with oxygen

Near tissue: The CO2 concentration is high and pH lowered, which favours the release of oxygen molecules. Haemoglobin changes its conformation to T state where less possibility to bind with oxygen

Reason : CO2 dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, at high concentration of CO2, high carbonic acid is generated, decrease in the pH

2. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I: is present in mitochondria and produces urea and it is called as ligase enzyme. Which catalyses the reaction, conversion of ammonia to urea, a high toxic material to less toxic material in liver and it is called as ornithine cycle or urea cycle.

Glycogen synthase called as Uridine diphosphate glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase catalyses reaction of converting glucose into glycogen.

Hexokinase catalyses the phosphorylation reaction of glucose, i.e., converting the glucose in to glucose-6-phosphate.

Phosphoglycerate mutase is the enzyme which catalyses the intermediate reaction in glycolysis, the 8^th step in the glycolysis is rearrangement of phosphate from C3 to C2 resulting in 3-phosphoglycerate