Question

Describe the potential impacts of the species on humans (positive or negative!) and include pictures. These could be disease photos, pictures of healthy crops, waterways, etc.

1. Location: Lingual frenulum

Actinomyces

Streptococcus

Eubacterium

Lactobacillus

Pepto coccus

Pepto streptococcus

Treponema

2. Location: Soft palate

Bacteroides

Bifidobacterium

Streptococcus

Lactobacillus

Propionibacterium

Pepto coccus

Selenomonas

Treponema

Leptotrichia

Answer 1

The potential impacts of the species on humans .

●Location : Lingual Frenulum

• Actynomyces

Actinomyces is a genus of the Actinobacteria class of bacteria. They all are gram-positive. Actinomyces species are facultatively anaerobic (except A. meyeri and A. israelii both obligate anaerobe), and they grow best under anaerobic conditions.

Disease is caused by Actinomyces

Actinomycosis is a chronic localized or hematogenous anaerobic infection caused by Actinomyces israelii and other species of Actinomyces. Findings are a local abscess with multiple draining sinuses, a tuberculosis-like pneumonitis, and low-grade systemic symptoms.

• Streptococcus

Streptococcus is a genus of gram-positive coccus or spherical bacteria that belongs to the family Streptococcaceae, within the order Lactobacillales, in the phylum Firmicutes. Cell division in streptococci occurs along a single axis, so as they grow, they tend to form pairs or chains that may appear bent or twisted.

• Eubacterium

1.a bacterium of a large group typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls and often flagella for movement. The group comprises the ‘true’ bacteria and cyanobacteria, as distinct from archaea. 2. a bacterium found mainly in the intestines of vertebrates and in the soil.

•Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria.

Lactobacillus good for?

Generally, lactobacilli are very good for gut health. They produce lactic acid, which may prevent harmful bacteria from colonizing the intestines. They also ensure the lining of the intestines stays intact.

• Pepto coccus.

Peptococcus is a Gram-positive bacterium genus in the family Peptococcaceae. Species in the genus are part of the human microbiome, especially in the bacteria that form the gut flora. They are part of the flora of the mouth, upper respiratory tract and large intestine.

• Pepto Streptococcus.

Peptostreptococcus is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. They typically move using cilia. Peptostreptococcus are slow-growing bacteria with increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs.

• Treponema.

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta. Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits.

● Location: Soft palate.

• Bacteroides.

Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides species are non endospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids.

• Bifidobacterium .

Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, and mouth of mammals, including humans. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the gastrointestinal tract microbiota in mammals.

• Streptococcus.

A bacterial infection that may cause a sore, scratchy throat.

The infection is generally transmitted by direct contact with the mucus or sores of someone else with strep.

• Lactobacillus.

The prevailing ecological view of the etiology of dental caries is more attuned to the polymicrobial nature of the dental plaque biofilm. However, only a limited number of bacteria are consistently recovered from caries lesions and have thus been recognized to be specifically associated with dental caries (Marsh 2003). The association between lactobacilli and dental caries dates back to a century

• Propionibacterium.

Propionibacterium is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes.

• Pepto coccus.

Anaerobic infections in the skin and soft tissue can be caused by the cutaneous anaerobic flora, mainly Peptostreptococcus, but are most often caused by contamination with the flora from adjacent mucosal surfaces.

• Selenomonas.

Species of Selenomonas are defined as anaerobic, Gram-negative, curved or crescent-shaped rods that are motile by means of a tuft of flagella originating from the inner curvature of the cell. Selenomonads have been isolated from the rumen and ceca of mammals, and the human oral cavity.

• Treponema.

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta. Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits.

• Leptotrichia.

Leptotrichia species are non-motile facultative anaerobic/anaerobic bacteria that are found mostly in the oral cavity and some other parts of the human body, in animals, and even in ocean sediments.