Question

discuss the core dimensions of hackman's and Oldhams's job characteristics model and outline how job design is important when you are looking for a job. use examples to further explain your answer

Answer 1

The Hackman's & Oldham's Thoery on Job Characteristics model mainly emphasizes on the key features of the job that impacts the motivation of an employee which includes the job features, psychological states, & possible work outcomes which act as a  combined form of Motivating Potential Score (MPS) of a job which thereby this index can be useful to define the job that affects the employee's behaviors & attitudes.

- Following are the core dimensions that theory proposes to achieve a high degree of motivation as explained below:

1) Considering the Psychological states:

• Meaningfulness of work is what is been focused here as labor there is some meaning which can be related where there is not only a set of movements they repeat. For instance- the basic to intrinsic motivation here is the work itself is motivating.  
• Responsibility is that psychology state which focuses here on how the opportunity is given to succeed or fail at the job based on freedom of action given. For instance- the ability to make changes & incorporate the learnings with the job is what is gained here.
• Having knowledge of outcomes- here its important than other two which first it provides the knowledge of the person on how successful he is with the work than in turn focus them to learn from the mistakes, then secondly to connect the emotion to the customer on the outputs which add the purpose of the work.

2) Key features that impact the jobs as per thoery:

• The Skill Variety- Here the focus is merely on having an appropriate variety of skills, talents & so on to manage the job. For instance, some have skills that are intrinsic & others have extrinsic so incorporating both will help in succeeding the job at all levels.
• Task identification/identity- here the feature focuses on being able to identify at work in hand as more complete addition to pride to be taken as the outcome of the work. For instance- here if the focus of the work is to just to a part then its less motivating as if there is involvement by all means of work then the motivation will enhance.
• Task Significance as another factor that features a job that is able to identify the task that contributes something at large to the society, group & beyond that to the self. For instance- The theory emphasizes on a person is more motivated if he is contributing to the whole firms bonus that year where someone is making something which benefits else this will affect the motivation of an individual inturn the job as well.
• Responsibility is another feature here that impacts job as derived be the autonomy of the job provides as substantial freedom of discretion & independence to the individual. For instance- matching the timing of the work & thereby determining the procedures that are used in carrying out is what it added here.
• Feedback is the final feature which this thoery emphasis on taking & giving feedback on employees' performance on the job, taking production feedback, customer satisfaction feedback. For instance- the feedback taken at all levels of the firm provides the overall information which will help the firm to rework on the mistakes thereby enhance the performance & profitability by all means.

- Job design is the core process of determining or deciding the overall elements of jobs as per the duties or responsibilities, methods adapted to carrying that job as techniques, mechanism, systems & procedures which handle the relationships that exist between the job provider & job taker as subordinates & employees.

- It's very important that individuals looking for a job must assess the job design as it is attached to the following reasons:

• Job design is the core aspect that provides every detail of the job which if a person is looking for a job its very important to look at all these details before getting the job. For instance- The details like the work time, duties & responsibilities attached to the work, methods or process used, & finally money attached to that work is done everything is very essential as it structures out the whole job aspects which if a person wants a job must assess.
• Job design also synchronizes the various approach that clearly defines as engineering elements, human approach, and job features which clearly explains how the work is done. For instance- A person while looking for a job must clearly assess the mechanism as engineering used, understand the relationship it maintains & thereby know the importance it provides on the skill, tasks associated, autonomy & feedback to get the best job fit addition to effective job design.
• Job design is a key element that every firm must reflect & adapt to the new developments happening in the job techniques/methods such as job rotation, enrichment, & enlargement so as to attract the individuals for the job thereby enhance the overall firms productivity. For instance- Individuals looking for a job must clearly assess all these factors as it impacts their survival, security & satisfaction associated with the job addition the above.
• Therefore job design is the key metric that every job provider or job taker must reflect the core elements that helps them to stay motivated with the job as well as survive with necessary methods used to upgrade it & enhance the learning through training & development which in turn affects the job satisfaction & other means associated to the job at all levels.