Question

    13.    An inadequate intake of iodine in the diet can

a.
lead to hyperthyroidism
b.
cause Graves disease
c.
cause exophthalmos
d.
cause a goiter

    14.    Which of the following is true of parathyroid hormone?

a.
It is made in the thyroid gland.
b.
It decreases the amount of calcium in the blood.
c.
It increases the amount of calcium in the blood.
d.
It stimulates the formation of bone.

    15.    Which of the following is not true of glucocorticoids?

a.
They are produced in the adrenal cortex.
b.
They help regulate the blood sodium and potassium level.
c.
They increase the amount of glucose in the blood through gluconeogenesis.
d.
They have an antiallergy effect.

    16.    Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

a.
It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.
b.
It helps produce the “fight-or-flight” response.
c.
It releases epinephrine.
d.
All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

    17.    Which of these is not a symptom of Cushing syndrome?

a.
moon face
b.
buffalo hump
c.
virilization in women
d.
All of the above are symptoms of Cushing syndrome.

    18.    Which of the following statements is true?

a.
The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.
b.
Hypersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.
c.
Insulin causes an increase in the blood sugar level.
d.
Glucagon and insulin are antagonists of each other.

Answer 1

13. Answer : D. Cause a goitre.

Inadequate intake of iodine deficiency can cause goitre as well as impaired mental function and work productivity secondary to hypothyroidism.

14.Answer: C. It increases the amount of calcium in the blood.

Parathyroid hormone plays a role in regulating blood calcium levels helping the body maintain adequate calcium stores in the blood stream to protect bone health. Parathyroid hormone regulates CA levels in the blood, largely by increasing the levels when they are too low.

15.Answer: B. They help to regulate the blood sodium and potassium levels.

Adrenal cortex produces the glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are part of the feed back mechanism in the immune system, which reduces certain aspects of immune function such as inflammation. They are therefore used in medicine to treat diseases caused by an overactive immune system such as allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases and sepsis.

16.Answer: A. It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.

The adrenal medulla, the inner part of an adrenal gland, controls hormones that initiates the flight or fight response. The main hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla include epinephrine and norepinephrine.

17.Answer: C. Virilization in women.

Virilization is typically caused by an imbalance in sex hormones.

18.Answer: D. Glucogon and insulin are antagonists of each other.

They have directing opposite actions on blood sugar within the body.