Question

Describe the structures and functions of the neurons and neuroglia of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the diencephalon, and the brain stem

Answer 1

In humans and other vertebrates, the nervous system can be broadly divided into two sections: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

• The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. It is in the CNS that all of the analysis of information takes place.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS), which consists of the neurons and parts of neurons found outside of the CNS, includes sensory neurons and motor neurons. Sensory neurons bring signals into the CNS, and motor neurons carry signals out of the CNS.The cell bodies of some PNS neurons, such as the motor neurons that control skeletal muscle (the type of muscle found in your arm or leg), are located in the CNS. These motor neurons have long extensions (axons) that run from the CNS all the way to the muscles they connect with (innervate). The cell bodies of other PNS neurons, such as the sensory neurons that provide information about touch, position, pain, and temperature, are located outside of the CNS, where they are found in clusters known as ganglia.The axons of peripheral neurons that travel a common route are bundled together to form nerves.

Functions of Neuron

If you think about the roles of the three classes of neurons, you can make the generalization that all neurons have three basic functions. These are to:

1. Receive signals (or information).

2. Integrate incoming signals (to determine whether or not the information should be passed along).

3. Communicate signals to target cells (other neurons or muscles or glands).

These neuronal functions are reflected in the anatomy of the neuron.