Question

describe the neuroglia of the CNS. explain how malfunctioning neuroglia can harm health

Answer 1

In the CNS or central nervous system, neuglial cells consists of astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes. These are explained as follows:

1. Astrocytes: These are found clinging to the neurons and their synaptic endings via their radiating processes owing to it's star shaped branching. These cells support and anchor the neurons to nutrient supply and play an important role in maintaining exchange between neuron and capillary. They also serve to recycle neurotransmitters released in the synapse.
2. Microglial cells: These are small cells, with thorny processes that touch the neurons. These serve as macrophages to clear up the neuronal debris and to fight infections.
3. Ependymal cells: These cells line the ventricles of the CNS and form a permeable barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and underlying cells, thereby helping in its circulation.
4. Oligodendrocytes: These glial cells provide support and insulation to the neurons by creating myelin sheath in addition to Schwann cells.

Neuroglial cells form approximately one half of the volume of brain and as mentioned above perform critical functions. Any malfunctioning in neuroglia can lead to several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory response, multiple sclerosis etc. Astrocytes and ependymal cells may also play a role in tumor formation in brain and spinal cord.