describe the physiological functions of parasympathetic neurons

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Expert Solution

The Parasympathetic neurons are of two types: Preganglionic and postganglionic. Preganglionic neurons arise from the brain as well as from spinal cord. In the brain they arise from visceral efferent nuclei and leave the cranium through 3rd, 7th, 9th and 10th cranial nerves -cranial outflow. In the spinal cord, they arise from lateral grey column of 2nd 3rd and 4th sacral segments-sacral outflow.

The ganglia are located near to the effector organ therefore the preganglionic neurons are longer and postganglionic neurons are shorter. Both the neurons release Acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

Organ	Parasympathetic effect
Pupil of the eye	constriction
Lacrimal gland	secretomotor
Salivary gland	produce watery saliva
Bronchial gland	increases secretions
Bronchioles	constriction
Muscles of GIT	increases peristalsis but relaxes the sphincters
Glands of GIT	increases secretions
Muscles of bladder	contraction of the muscle of bladder wall but relaxation of the sphincter
Blood vessels	no effect
Sweat glands	no effect
Muscles of hair follicle	no effect
Penile tissue	causes erection
Heart	decrease heart rate

Sydney Mullin answered 9 months ago

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