Question

What precautions must be taken when using concentrated acids?

(a) At what position will electrophilic aromatic substitution occur for the following compounds?

bromobenzene

nitrobenzene

benzoic acid

toluene

phenol

benzaldehyde

(b) In the list above, which compound is the most reactive? Briefly explain.

(c) Which compound is the least reactive? Briefly explain.

3. Using the quantities given in the Procedure, calculate the theoretical yields for the mononitration of (a) acetanilide and (b) methyl benzoate. Record your results here and in your laboratory notebook.

Answer 1

ans)

1)

from above data that

the precautions must be taken when using concentrated acids

a)

You must be wearing lab coat, long pants(not shorts), boots, gloves and goggles over the eye, these are to protect your body if acid accidently falls down.

b)

Never bring an concentrated acid near your eye, acids like fuming nitric acid can harm your eyes, if brought even closure to the eyes.

c)

Never smell a conventrated acid directly, place it atleast 15 cm away from nose and try to blow its smell towards your nose with the help of your hand.

2)

bromo benzene ortho, para positions, toluene ortho, parapositions, nitrobenzene metaposition, phenol ortho, para positions,benzoic acid meta position, benzaldehyde metaposition

b)

Phenol is most reactive because lone pair electrons presenton oxygen will be donated to the ring which increases thenucleophilicity of the ring and attacks the electrophilesfastly.

c)

nitrobenzene is least reactive because of the electronwithdrawing nature

3)

(a)
Under normal conditions, acetanilide under goes mononitration to form p-nitroacetanilide, where 1 mol of reactant gives 1 mol of product.

for this question we need some data

we need quantities of  Acetanilide and methyl benzoate

we have to calculatae theoretical yields for the mononitration of (a) acetanilide and (b) methyl benzoate. we have to know about that quatities