Question

What is the difference between:

acid-base

oxidation-reduction

nucleophilic substitution

elimination

electrophilic addition

nucleophilic addition

electrophilic aromatic substitution

If you can provide an example, that would be great :)

Answer 1

Acid:Acids are electron acceptors or proton donors

example:hydrochloric acid(HCL)

Base:Bases are proton acceptors or electron pair donors

example:sodium hydroxide(NaOH)

Oxidation:is the reaction in which loss of electrons takes place

example:Zn(s)Zn⁺²+2e^-

Reduction:is the reactin in which gain of electrons takes place

example:2H⁺+2e^-H₂(g)

Nucleiophilic substitution:In this type of reaction, substitution or replacement of one group with another group takes place as follows.

CH₃CH₂Br +NaOH CH₃CH₂OH +NaBr

the group which generally replaces other group is rich in electrons also called as nucleophile.

Elimination:In this type of reaction atoms or groups are removed from adjacent carbons and forms double bond between the two adjacent carbons from which the groups are eliminated.

CH₃CH₂OH CH₂CH₂+H₂O(removal of H from one carbon and removal of OH from adjacent carbon)

Eletrophilic addition:addition of an electrophile(electron deficient species) to an electron rich carbon(carbanion) is called as electrophilic addition reaction generally takes place in unsaturated compounds.

example:CH₂CH₂+Br₂BrCH₂.....CH₂Br

Nucleophilic addition:addition of a nucleophile (electron rich species) to an electron deficient carbon(carbocation) is called as nucleophilic addition reaction. generally takes place in carbonyl compounds.

----CO +H^-------CH------O⁺+H^-.............CH----OH