Question

1. What is the difference between a cortical and juxtamedullary nephron?
2. What are the three layers of the wall of the urinary bladder?
3. What muscular tube, lined by a transitional epithelium, connects the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder?
4. Why is the position of the kidney described as retroperitoneal?

Answer 1

1)

Cortical nephron

• Most abundant about 85% constitute cortical nephron.
• Loop of Henle is very small.
• Rate of flitration is slow
• Glomerulus present in upper region of crotex.

Juxtamedullary nephron

• Only 15% present.
• Loop of Henle is long.
• Rate of filtration is fast.
• Glomerulus present at the junction of cortex and medulla.

2)

The three layers of urinary bladder are :-

• Outer layer covered with fibrous tissue which extend as fibrous capsule in the kidney.
• Middle muscular layer, it consist of inner longitudinal and outer circular muscle.
• Inner mucosa , which is covered with transitional epithelium.

3)

Ureter.

• There are 2 ureter , which is hollow , muscular tube , which passes urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder.
• Muscular contraction of ureter cause expulsion of urine.

4)

• The kidney is placed behind the abdominal cavity or peritoneum , hence they are called retroperitoneal .
• Boundary of retroperitoneum include , anteriorly -posterior parietal peritoneum , posteriorly - lumbar spine.