Question

1. a) what is a nephron? Please name its parts.
     b) what is the action of the aldosterone and the ADH, and where are they produced?

Answer 1

Answer-a)- Nephron is defined as the structrual and functional unit of kidney. each kidney consist of 1 to 1.3 millions of neprons.The structure of nephron basically includes two parts namely,

• The renal corpuscle

• The renal tubule.

Bowman’s capsule is the major component of renal corpuscle. The renal tubule include the following structures.

• Proximal convoluted tubule

• Loop of Henle

• Distal convoluted tubule

• Collecting ducts

Answer-b)-ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is also called vasopressin. It is a hormone secreted by neurohypophysis ,when there is dehydration and blood volume is low.It plays an important role in the body's osmotic balance, blood pressure regulation and kidney function. It tells that the kidneys how much water to conserve.

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid, it is a steroid hormone whose main function is to regulate salt and water in the body. It is secreted by adrenal glands present on the kidneys. It helps in the regulation of blood pressure, sodium and potassium levels.