Question

1. Which of the following is a functional classification of an articulation that is freely moving?

	synarthrosis
	diarthrosis
	amphiarthrosis
	synchondrosis

2. Which of the following is a structural classification of an articulation that has the greatest range of motion of any articulation class?

	synarthrosis
	cartilaginous
	synovial
	fibrous

3. Where in the human body would you find a suture joint?

	vertebrae
	knee
	elbow
	skull

4. What is the difference between a symphysis and a synchondrosis?

	the type of cartilage that is found in the articulation
	the amount of collagen fiber that holds the articulation together
	a symphysis is a synovial joint while a synchondrosis is not
	a symphysis is found between vertebrae while a synchondrosis is found in the jaw

5. What type of cartilage makes up the articular cartilage found in a synovial joint?

	hyaline cartilage
	fibrocartilage
	elastic cartilage
	all of the above can function as articular cartilage

6. What part of the synovial joint produces the synovial fluid?

	the articular cartilage
	cells of the synovial membrane
	the fibrous layer of the joint capsule
	the bones of the articulation

7. Ligaments and tendons are made of which tissue type?

	dense regular collagenous connective tissue proper
	dense regular elastic connective tissue proper
	dense irregular connective tissue proper
	loose connective tissue proper

8. What is the name for a sac of tissue filled with synovial fluid generally found in high-stress regions?

	bursa
	tendon
	synovial membrane
	suture

Answer 1

1)There are three functional classification of joints , they are : synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses. In this diarthrosis is a joint that is freely moving. It describes the synovial joints of the body and this provides most of the movements of the body. These joints are divided to uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxial joints. Uniaxial joints are joints that allow a motion around single axis. Biaxial joint allows motions in two planes and multiaxial joints allow joints in several planes. So functional classification of an articulation that is freely moving is diarthrosis.

2)There are three structural classification of joints, they are fibrous joint, cartilaginous joint and synovial joint. The fibrous joints are connected together by fibrous connective tissue. Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage. Synovial joints are joints that have space filled with synovial fluid between the adjacent bones. They are capable of greatest range of movement in these three types of joints. Examples of these joints are elbows, knees etc. So structural classification of an articulation that has the greatest range of motion of any articulation class is synovial

3)In structural classification of joints the fibrous joint is further classified to sutures, syndesmoses and gomphoses. In this sutures are joints that is found in skull or cranial structure. The skull bones are bound by short fibers of connective tissue called Sharpeys fibers. So in the human body you find a suture joint in skull.

4) The cartilaginous joints in structural classification is futher divided to synchondrosis and symphysis. A symphysis joint is where the articulation or adjacent bones are bound by fibrocartilage and the gap between these bones might be a narrow gap like a manubriosternal joint or a wide gap like a pubic symphysis joint. In synchondrosis the adjacent bones are connected by a hyaline cartilage. So difference between a symphysis and a synchondrosis is the type of cartilage that is found in the articulation.

5) In synovial joints contains a joint cavity, in which the fibrous connective tissue structure called articular capsule is found in the articulating surface of each bone in this joint. Also another structure that is found in synovial joint to prevent the friction between the bones is articular cartilage. This cartilage is a layer of hyaline cartilage that helps absorb shock and reduce friction during movements in these joints.So the cartilage makes up the articular cartilage found in a synovial joint is hyaline cartilage.

6)In synovial joints the inner surface of articular capsule has thin membrane called synovial membrane. The cells that are found in the membrane secrete a fluid called synovial fluid. This is a thick fluid that contains hyaluronan and lubricin which is secreted by the fibroblast-like cells that is found in the synovial membrane. This fluid helps lubricate the articulate joints and reduces friction. It also absorbs shock during movements. So part of the synovial joint that produces the synovial fluid is cells of the synovial membrane.

7)A ligament contains tissues that connect bones or organs to each other and also helps maintain stability of body. A tendon contains tissue that connects muscles to bone and can withstand tension. Both ligaments and tendons contain connective tissues. The connective tissue found in these is dense regular connective tissues. The dense regular connective tissues in ligaments and tendons are collagenous as they contains type I collagen fibers. These collagen fibers are arranged in parallel to each other and this provides the tensile strength required for the tendons and ligaments.So ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular collagenous connective tissue proper.

8) A sac filled with synovial fluid and is lined by synovial membrane is found in major joints of the body. It serves as a cushion and a gliding surface for the soft tissue during movement over bones. This also helps reduce friction during movement. It is found under muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia and skin. This sac like structure is called bursa. Our body has more than 140 bursae. The bursa located between bones and muscles, tendons and ligaments are synovial bursa. Bursa that is located below skin is superficial bursa and accidental bursae is developed during repeated irritation. So the name for a sac of tissue filled with synovial fluid generally found in high-stress regions is bursa.