Question

Maria Gonzales is a 57-year-old operating room nurse who works full-time at a local hospital. She is 65 inches tall and weighs 160 pounds. She has a family history of diabetes and heart disease, and was recently diagnosed with high blood cholesterol. Maria has declined the cholesterol-lowering medication that her doctor prescribed, explaining that she would like to explore other methods for lowering her cholesterol first. After reading an article on the Internet a few weeks ago, Maria has been taking a tablespoon of coconut oil every day in the hopes that it will lower her cholesterol. She admits that she has little time or energy to exercise. Her diet history reveals that she often skips breakfast or buys a bagel with cream cheese and flavored coffee on her way to work. While at work, she drinks at least one more cup of coffee with cream and sugar before noon. Lunch is a salad with crackers and iced tea with sugar in the hospital cafeteria. When Maria arrive homes, she occasionally drinks one or two glasses of wine in the evening, especially after a stressful day. She lives alone and relies on frozen dinners or other convenience foods for dinner. An analysis of her diet reveals an average daily intake of 200 grams carbohydrate, 50 grams protein, and 80 grams of fat.
Which of Maria's habits involves the use of functional food?
What percentages of Maria's daily calories are provided by carbohydrates, protein, and fat?

a. carbohydrates: 36%; protein: 22%; and fat: 42%

b. carbohydrates: 46%; protein: 12%; and fat: 42%

c. carbohydrates: 36%; protein: 32%; and fat: 32%

d. carbohydrates: 56%; protein: 12%; and fat: 32%

e. carbohydrates: 56%; protein: 22%; and fat: 22%
Compare the composition of Maria's diet with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR). How would you characterize her intake?

a. adequate carbohydrate, inadequate protein, and high fat

b. inadequate carbohydrate, inadequate protein, and high fat

c. adequate carbohydrate, adequate protein, and high fat

d. adequate carbohydrate, adequate protein, and adequate fat

e. inadequate carbohydrate, inadequate protein, and adequate fat

Maria explains that she learned about the effects of coconut oil on the Internet, while reading an online article about a well-known movie star who claims it helped him lower his bad cholesterol. What are these types of testimonials called?

a. anecdotes

b. correlations

c. hypotheses

d. controls

e. theories

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Answer 1

Answer : Maria Gonzales is a 57-year-old operating room nurse who works full-time at a local hospital. She is 65 inches tall and weighs 160 pounds. She has a family history of diabetes and heart disease, and was recently diagnosed with high blood cholesterol. Maria has declined the cholesterol-lowering medication that her doctor prescribed, explaining that she would like to explore other methods for lowering her cholesterol first. After reading an article on the Internet a few weeks ago, Maria has been taking a tablespoon of coconut oil every day in the hopes that it will lower her cholesterol. She admits that she has little time or energy to exercise. Her diet history reveals that she often skips breakfast or buys a bagel with cream cheese and flavored coffee on her way to work. While at work, she drinks at least one more cup of coffee with cream and sugar before noon. Lunch is a salad with crackers and iced tea with sugar in the hospital cafeteria. When Maria arrive homes, she occasionally drinks one or two glasses of wine in the evening, especially after a stressful day. She lives alone and relies on frozen dinners or other convenience foods for dinner. An analysis of her diet reveals an average daily intake of 200 grams carbohydrate, 50 grams protein, and 80 grams of fat.

Answer (a): The percentages of Maria's daily calories are provided by carbohydrates, protein, and fat as stated by the following statement :

(b) carbohydrates: 46%; protein: 12%; and fat: 42%

This is due to the fact that as we have calculated the total amount of calories obtained from 200 grams carbohydrate, 50 grams protein, and 80 grams of fat is 1720 calories.

Since 1 gram of protein gives 4 calories of energy. So, 50 grams of protein gives (50 x 4 = 200 calories). And percentages of calories provided by the protein is 200/1720 x 100 = 11.62 % and after rounding off we can say 12 %

Since 1 gram of carbohydrate gives 4 calories of energy. So, 200 grams of carbohydrates gives (200 x 4 = 800 calories). And percentages of calories provided by the carbohydrates is 800/1720 x 100 = 46.49 % and after rounding off we can say 46 %

Since 1 gram of fat gives 9 calories of energy. So, 80 grams of fat gives (80 x 9 = 720 calories). And percentages of calories provided by the fat is 720/1720 x 100 = 41.86 % and after rounding off we can say 42 %

Answer (b) : Now as we compared the composition of Maria's diet with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR). We would characterize her intake as follows :

(c) adequate carbohydrate, adequate protein, and high fat

This is due to the fact that when we compare Maria diet with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) then we found that carbohydrate was adeqate in Maria diet since it is present in 46 % and the adequate limit of carbohydrates in Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) is 45 - 65 %.

And we also found that protein was adeqate in Maria diet since it is present in 12 % and the adequate limit of protein in Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) is 10 - 35 %.

And we also found that fat was high in Maria diet since it is present in 42 % and the adequate limit of fat in Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) is 20 - 35 %.

Answer (c) : Maria explains that she learned about the effects of coconut oil on the Internet, while reading an online article about a well-known movie star who claims it helped him lower his bad cholesterol. These types of testimonials are called :

(b) correlations.