Question

Why does a research endeavor require structure, and why is the approach systematic?

Answer 1

Because evrery structure has its own 3-dimensional geometry and specific activity (either biological or chemical). From chemical point of view let us take well known fumaric and maleic acids. Maleic acid can form anhydride and is known as maleate whereas fumaric acid cannot form anhydride due to trans geometric restriction. From biological point of view all natural amino acids have L-configuration only including our body's proteins. Some well known pharmaceutical drugs such as anti histamine drug cetirizine hydrochloride is especially more potent in its leavo form (leavocetirizine). Hence different structures have different activities, so far called as Structure-Activity-Relationship, simply SAR. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) is the relationship between the chemical or three-dimensional structure of a molecule and its biological activity. The analysis of SAR enables the determination of the chemical groups responsible for evoking a target biological effect in the organism. This allows modification of the effect or the potency of a bioactive compound (typically a drug) by changing its chemical structure.

Medicinal chemists use the techniques of chemical synthesis & computational drug design to insert new chemical groups into thebiomedical compound and test the modifications for their biological effects. This method was refined to build mathematical relationships between the chemical structure and the biological activity, known as quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). The underlying problem is therefore how to define a small difference on a molecular level, since each kind of activity, e.g. reaction ability, biotransformation ability, solubility, target activity, and so on, might depend on another difference. These are the reasons for the approach should be systematic way.

I request you to go through the article given link below

https://dge.carnegiescience.edu/SCOPE/SCOPE_52/SCOPE_52_2.09_Waters_201-230.pdf

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