Question

1.List three important things that kidneys do to REGULATE your blood chemistry

2.List two types of molecules or cells that are retained by the glomerulus. Explain why these items are NOT filtered out of the blood.

3.Describe how urea is used in the loop of the nephron to create the countercurrent multiplier system. What other benefit does this have for the body

Answer 1

Kidney is the excretory organ present in the body and it also had the function of regulating blood chemistry also.

Hematopoietic function : kidney stimulate the production of erythrocytes by secreting erythropoietin.

Regulation of blood pressure : By regulating the volume of extrcellextra fluid and through renin angiotensin mechanism.

Regulation of blood calcium level by activating 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol.

2,

Platelets and albumin molecules donotdfiltered through golerulus and they passed into efferent arterioles. This is due to the higher molecular size of albumin do not filtered through the glomerular membrane. And also Because large and negatively charged proteins have a low permeability, they cannot filtrate easily.

3,

Loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons plays a major roles as countercurrent multiplier because loop of these nephrons is long and extends up to the deeper part of medulla.

Sodium chloride and urea are exchanged for water between the ascending and descending limbs of vasa recta hence this system is called countercurrent exchanger.