Question

An Essay on 1. 2. Explain the physiological concept of structure-function relationships (structure enables function) and illustrate your understanding by presenting three examples from at least two different body systems.

Answer 1

Ans :

Structure and function relationship : in biology, a key idea is that structure determines function. In other words, the way something is arranged enables it to play its role, fulfill its job, within an organism (a living thing). Structure-function relationships arise through the process of natural selection.

In humans, as in all organisms, cells perform all functions of life. A tissue is a group of many similar cells (though sometimes composed of a few related types) that work together to perform a specific function. An organ is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types.

Examples of structure function relationship:

Circulatory system :

Well from a biochemist's view, an example of structure and function would be the red blood cells. Red blood cells are roundish , flattish and indented. Their shape is basically like a doughnut but without an O in the centre. Unlike other cells, as red blood cells mature, they lose their nucleus and other organelles cells ordinarily possess. Now red blood cells upon extrusion of these organelles are filled internally with haemoglobin. Haemoglobin contains iron and amino acids. The iron is where oxygen attaches to and the amino acids, in their right sequences are responsible for the doughnut shape of red blood cells.

This shape and extrusion of organelles help red blood cells perform their functions greatly. Red blood cells' primary function is the transportation of oxygen to other cells all around the body. So the shape and extrusion of organelles gives enough room/shape for so many haemoglobin molecules thereby promoting the function of oxygen transportation.

Skeletal system:

the opposable thumb (the ability to touch the thumb to the fingers) makes fine control possible. The ability to touch the fingers to the base of the hand and to wrap the thumb on top makes the power grip possible.

The sharp incisors (the teeth in front) can tear food; while the molars (the flat teeth in back) can grind food into tiny pieces. The molars are also closest to the hinge of the jaw, so that’s where chewing can occur with the most force (especially useful for grinding up harder-to-digest plant foods).