If you mix equal concentrations of reactants and products, which of the following reaction proceed to...

If you mix equal concentrations of reactants and products, which of the following reaction proceed to the right and which proceed to the left?

a. H₂CO₃(aq) + HSO₄⁻ (aq) ⇌ H₂SO₄(aq) + HCO₃⁻ (aq)

b. HF(aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) ⇌ HCl(aq) + F⁻ (aq)

c. HF(aq) + NH₃(aq) ⇌ NH₄ + (aq) + F⁻ (aq)

d. HSO₄⁻ (aq) + CN⁻ (aq) ⇌ HCN(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)

e. [Al(H₂O)₆] ³⁺(aq) + OH⁻ (aq) ⇌ [Al(H₂O)₆(OH)]²⁺ (aq) + H₂O(l)

Solutions

Expert Solution

The question can be answered on the basis of the relative strengths of acids and bases. It must be noted that a strong acid reacts to form a weak acid. The same thing holds true for bases: a strong base proceeds to form a weak base.

a) H₂CO₃ (aq) + HSO₄^- (aq) <=====> HCO₃^- (aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq)

H₂SO₄ is a much stronger acid than H₂CO₃; hence, the reverse reaction is favored, i.e, the reverse reaction proceeds to form more H₂CO₃.

b) HF (aq) + Cl^- (aq) <======> F^- (aq) + HCl (aq)

HCl is a much stronger acid than HF; hence, the reverse reaction is favored and more HF is produced.

c) HF (aq) + NH₃ (aq) <=====> F^- (aq) + NH₄⁺ (aq)

HF is a stronger acid than NH₄⁺; hence, the reaction proceeds in the forward direction to produce more NH₄⁺.

d) HSO₄^- (aq) + CN^- (aq) <=====> SO₄^2- (aq) + HCN (aq)

HSO₄^- is a much stronger acid than HCN; hence, the reaction proceeds to the right to give HCN.

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

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