Question

Endocrine System

Hormone Classes

1. Hormones can be chemically classified as _____________. __________ are water soluble and ________ are lipid soluble
2. Water soluble hormones bind to receptors ____________ which activate ___________. Lipid soluble hormones bind to ___________ and trigger ___________.
3. Hormones may interact ________________. Interactions in which the effect of one hormone depends on prior action of another hormone are called _________. _________ interactions have opposing effects and _________ interactions have amplifying effect

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

1. Hypothalamic hormones travel to the anterior pituitary through the ____________. TRH triggers the release of _________; CRH triggers the release of _______; GnRH triggers the release of _______; GHRH triggers the release of ________; dopamine inhibits the release of ________; somatostatin inhibits the release of ________.
2. ____________ and ___________ are made in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary by the _______________.
3. Hormone Effects
   1. __________ stimulates ovarian follicular growth and _________ stimulates sperm cell production; _________ stimulates the release of thyroid hormone; __________ stimulates the release of cortisol; __________stimulates milk production; _________ stimulates growth of bones and muscles
   2. Oxytocin triggers ________________ and ADH stimulates ____________.

Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland

1. Calcitonin _________________ and parathyroid hormone __________ blood calcium
2. Thyroid hormone is secreted as ___________ but the active form is ___________.
3. TH ________ATP production, _______ adrenergic receptors, and _________ brain development
   

Adrenal Gland

1. The zona glomerulosa produces _________; the zona fasciculata produces __________ and the zona reticularis produces ________.
2. Cortisol stimulates _____________; aldosterone triggers ___________; androgens trigger __________

Pancreas

1. Beta cells produce __________, alpha cells produce __________ and delta cells produce __________.
2. ___________ decreases blood glucose and _________ increases blood glucose; _________ maintains blood glucose levels
3. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the ___________; it normal onsets _________. Type 2 diabetes is caused by ___________.

Answer 1

Hormones are chemically classified as peptide hormones and steroid hormones. Peptide hormones are water soluble and steroid hormones are lipid soluble. Water soluble hormones binds to receptor on cell surface and activates cell surface enzymes. Lipid soluble hormones binds to intracellular receptors and activates the transcription and translation of DNA. Hormones may interact directly or indirectly. Interactions in which the effect of one hormone depends on prior action of another hormone are called permissive effect. Antagonistic interaction have opposite effects while synergic interaction have amplifying effect. Hypothalamic hormones travel to the anterior pituitary through the primary capillary plexus.

TRH - Thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin

CRH - ACTH (ADRENO CORTICO TROPIC HORMONE)

GnRH - follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone

GHRH - growth hormone

Dopamine - prolactin

Somatostatin - growth hormone and thyrohyoid stimulating hormone

Oxytocin and vasopressin/ADH are secreted in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary by neurons.

A.follicle stimulating hormone , follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid releasing hormone, ACTH (adeno corticotropic hormone), prolactin, growth hormone

B. Oxytocin triggers contraction of mammary gland and uterus, ADH stimulates reabsorption of water from the renal tubules

Calcitonin reduces and parathyroid increases blood calcium level.