Question

Which of the following would be expected to lower the Tm for a phospholipid bilayer?

replacing a lipid containing unsaturated fatty acids with one containing saturated fatty acids.

replacing a lipid containing 18-C fatty acids with one containing 16-C fatty acids.

adding ions to bind to charged groups in the polar head groups.

decreasing the concentration of phospholipids.

Answer 1

Which of the following would be expected to lower the Tm for a phospholipid bilayer?

Replacing a lipid containing 18-C fatty acids with one containing 16-C fatty acids----------answer

The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar film made of two layers of lipid atoms. These layers are level sheets that shape a constant obstruction around all cells. The cell layers of every living life form and numerous infections are made of a lipid bilayer, just like the layers encompassing the cell core and other sub-cell structures. The lipid bilayer is the hindrance that keeps particles, proteins and different atoms where they are required and keeps them from diffusing into zones where they ought not be. Lipid bilayers are in a perfect world suited to this part in light of the fact that, despite the fact that they are just a couple of nanometers in width,[1] they are impermeable to most water-dissolvable (hydrophilic) atoms. Bilayers are especially impermeable to particles, which permits cells to manage salt focuses and pH by transporting particles over their layers utilizing proteins called particle pumps.

Organic bilayers are generally made out of amphiphilic phospholipids that have a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic tail comprising of two unsaturated fat chains. Phospholipids with certain head gatherings can modify the surface science of a bilayer and can, for instance, serve as signs and in addition "grapples" for different particles in the layers of cells.[2] Just like the heads, the tails of lipids can likewise influence film properties, for example by deciding the period of the bilayer. The bilayer can receive a strong gel stage state at lower temperatures yet experience stage move to a liquid state at higher temperatures, and the substance properties of the lipids' tails impact at which temperature this happens. The pressing of lipids inside the bilayer likewise influences its mechanical properties, including its imperviousness to extending and bowing. A significant number of these properties have been concentrated on with the utilization of manufactured "model" bilayers delivered in a lab. Vesicles made by model bilayers have likewise been utilized clinically to convey drugs.

Organic layers commonly incorporate a few sorts of particles other than phospholipids. An especially critical case in creature cells is cholesterol, which fortifies the bilayer and reduction its porousness. Cholesterol additionally controls the movement of certain essential layer proteins. Vital film proteins work when joined into a lipid bilayer, and they are held firmly to lipid bilayer with the assistance of an annular lipid shell. Since bilayers characterize the limits of the phone and its compartments, these layer proteins are included in numerous intra-and between cell flagging procedures.