Question

How do all the parts of the cell work together to produce proteins.

Answer 1

• Protein is a macronutrient that is essential for building muscle mass ,commonly found in animal products.
• There are two types of proteins: structural proteins and enzymes. Structural proteins are used to form the framework of tissues such as bone, skin, hair and blood such as collagen, and enzymes that are used to regulate cellular functions by facilitating chemical reactions such as digestion.
• Cell organelles must work together to carry out protein synthesis, utilize proteins within the cell, and transport them out of the cell.
• To make proteins, DNA transcribes information into RNA in the nucleus.Transcription is a process of  making copies of the information from DNA and applying this information in a new format.
• The RNA exits the nucleus and travels through the cytoplasm to ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• Then RNA goes through translation. The information the DNA copied onto the RNA during transcription is translated into a sequence of amino acids.
• The amino acid chains, or polypeptides, are assembled in the correct sequence to form proteins.
• After proteins are synthesized, a portion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum pinches off and separates to form a protein-filled vesicle.
• The vesicle travels to the Golgi complex where the protein is modified if necessary and repackaged into a new vesicle.
• From there the vesicles carry the protein to another organelle where it will be used within the cell or to the plasma membrane for secretion. Some times vesicles may also store the protein within the cell for later use.
• The microfilaments and microtubules of the cytoskeleton move the vesicles where they need to go ( help in movement).