Describe how genes are expressed into proteins by the cell

Expert Solution

Genes contain all the information for the formation of functional protein molecules. There are two main processes:

1. Transcription: The information stored in DNA is transferred to RNA during the process of transcription. It occurs mostly in nucleus. During transcription, DNA is converted into mRNA i.e. messenger RNA which has all the information for protein formation.

2. Translation: It occurs in the cytoplasm. mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it is translated into protein with the help of ribosomeal complex and tRNA. tRNA brings the specific aminoacid near the ribosomal complex for each specific codon (sequence of three bases called a codon, codes for one amino acid). Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).

Together transcription and translation are called gene expression. And this fundamental phenomenon is also referred as "central dogma".

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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