Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

1. The grapelike clusters of alveoli are called ___________. a. alveolar ducts b. alveolar membranes c....

1. The grapelike clusters of alveoli are called ___________.

a. alveolar ducts

b. alveolar membranes

c. alveolar capillaries

d. respiratory bronchioles

e. alveolar sacs

2. Contracting the diaphragm increases thoracic cavity __________ and decreases thoracic cavity ___________. This results in _________.

a. volume; pressure; inspiration

b. volume; pressure; expiration

c. pressure; volume; expiration

d. pressure; volume; inspiration

3. If your tidal volume is 500 mL and the conducting portion of your respiratory tract is 150 mL, how much air are you exchanging gases with from that breath?

a. Not enough information is given.

b. 500 mL

c. 350 mL

d. 650 mL

e. 150 mL

4. A drop in blood pressure stimulates the kidneys to secrete ___________.

a. angiotensin II

b. antidiuretic hormone

c. angiotensinogen

d. renin

e. aldosterone

Expert Solution

1

e) Alveolar sacs

Alveoli are small air spaces in the lungs , where carbon dioxide leaves the blood where oxygen enters in it.
Alveoli forms clustors called alveolar sac, that resemble a bunch of grapes.
Alveolar duct are referred as the stem of grapes, in which it connect to the alveolar sac.Hence option A is wrong.
Option B is wrong because alveolar membrane is the membrane which helpin gas exchange.
Option C is wrong because alveolar capillaries are the blood vessel.
Option D is wrong , because respiratory bronchioles are the final divisions of bronchioles.

2

a) Volume, pressure , Inspiration

Contraction of diaphragm causes increase in the internal height of thoracic cavity , thus lowering its internal pressure and causing inspiration of air.
Relaxation of diaphragm and elasticity of lung tissue produce expiration.
All other options are wrong , due to incorrect format.

3

c) 350 mL

Dead space is the volume of air that is inhaled and doesnot take part in gas exchange.
Tidal volume is the volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation, when extra effort is not applied.
Tidal volume= dead space + Alveolar volume ( volume of air , that take part in gas exchange)

500-150

Alveolar volume = 350 mL

All other options are wrong, due to incorrect values.

4

d) renin

Glomerulus , a bundle of capillary vessel found in kidney will senses a drop in blood flow or pressure and secrete an enzyme called renin.
This enzyme partcipates in renin - angiotensin -aldosterone -system.(RAAS)
Option A and C is wrong because angiotensin II and angiotensin is also hormone which play a role in RAAS mechanism, but renin stimulates these hormone.
antidiuretic hormone help in reabsorption of water , hence option B is wrong.
Aldosterone help in sodium reabsorption hence option E is wrong.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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