Question

1. The development of internal male reproductive structures such as the sperm ducts and prostate gland are an important role of___the primary androgen.

2. Observational studies have shown that___vitamin D is associated with a___risk of nonskeletal diseases. low; lower, high: greater, There is no link between vitamin D and nonskeletal diseases, orl ow; greater?

3. Lipids are nutrients required by the body in large quantities Therefore, lipids are called a _____.

4. A genetic mutation has altered the shape of an enzyme found within cells. The altered shape prevents the enzynge from functioning normally because a small, organic molecule called a(n) ____cannot bind to the enzymes . protein, vitamin carbohydrate, or mineral?

Answer 1

Answer with discussion and explanation :

1. The development of internal male reproductive structures such as the sperm ducts and prostate gland are an important role of testosterone, the primary androgen.

2. Observational studies have shown that lower vitamin D is associated with a higher risk of non-skeletal diseases.

3. Lipids are nutrients required in large quantities.Therefore lipids are called a macronutrient.

4. A genetic mutation has altered the shape of an enzyme found within cells.The altered shape prevents the enzyme from functioning normally because a small organic molecule called a vitamin cannot bind to the enzymes.

Discussion and explanation :

1. Upto 5th week of gestation both genetic male and female fetus, have a bipotential gonad.If the fetus carries a Y chromosome, a SRY gene present on chromosome Y codes for a sex determining protein which directs this bipotential gonad to testis.Testosterone (androgen) secreted by the testis acts on Wolffian duct and urogenital sinus leading to development of vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate.

2. Low vitamin D has been found to be associated or supposed to be associated with many non-skeletal diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, colorectal carcinoma,etc. Multiple sclerosis incidence increases as we move away from the equator and reduced sun exposure is thought to be responsible for this. Vitamin D is also known as 'sunshine vitamin' because it is formed in the skin after exposure to sunlight.

3. Nutrients (food constituents) which are required in large quantities are termed as macronutrients. Carbohydrate, protein and lipid (fat) are macronutrients.

4. Vitamins are small organic molecules which act as cofactors for enzyme activity. Example - Thiamine (Vitamin B1) acts as cofactor in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate in decarboxylation reactions.