Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

describe how Phase 1 and phase 2 metabolism influences/affects renal and hepatic elimination of a drug

Expert Solution

Phase 1 metabolism involves chemical reactions such as oxidation (most common), reduction and hydrolysis. There are three possible results of phase 1 metabolism.

The drug becomes completely inactive. In other words, the metabolites are pharmacologically inactive.

One or more of the metabolites are pharmacologically active, but less so than the original drug.

The original substance is not pharmacologically active, but one of its metabolites is. The original substance is called a prodrug.

OXIDATION

REDUCTION

HYDROLYSIS

Phase 2 metabolism involves reactions that chemically change the drug or phase 1 metabolites into compounds that are soluble enough to be excreted in urine. In these reactions, the molecule drug or metabolite) is attached to an ionisable grouping. This is called conjugation and the product is called a conjugate. Metabolites formed in phase 2 are unlikely to be pharmacologically active. .

CONJUGATION

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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