Answer:
Challenges
- Strengthening the Overall Economy. Small businesses continue to
struggle in the economic downturn, and it will be important for
policy leaders to get the economy moving again. Small businesses
will be a large part of that, as entrepreneurs will spur new
innovation and employment in the coming years. These firms will
continue to be the job generators that we have become accustomed
to. With that said, industries will recover from the downturn in
different ways, and some industries have clearly been hit harder
this time than in past business cycles.
- Taxes and Regulation. Business conditions have a fundamental
impact on entrepreneurial activity, and small business owners
frequently cite tax and regulatory policies as a concern. Moving
forward, it will be important for policymakers to consider the
impact of taxes and regulations on small business owners and
would-be entrepreneurs.
- Cost and Availability of Health Insurance.Health insurance
premiums have risen substantially in this decade. The Kaiser Family
Foundation reports that the cost of employee-sponsored health
insurance plans has increased 119 percent since 1999. It is also
well-documented that employees at smaller firms are less likely to
be offered health care coverage. Finding ways to control the cost
of providing health insurance to employees and increasing coverage
will remain a priority for our national and state leaders.
- Attracting and Retaining a Quality Workforce. Small businesses
must compete forlabor with their larger counterparts. This is more
dif- ficult in light of the disparity in total compensation,
especially benefits, and the result is greater employee turnover.
Demographic trends in the coming years might also exacerbate these
challenges.
- Global Competition. American businesses face competitors on a
number of fronts, both at home and abroad. The U.S. government has
worked to increase the ability of our firms to compete overseas by
lowering trade barriers. There are also some structural
disadvantages that work to make our products less competitive, and
many companies have reduced their costs by outsourcing some
processes and tasks abroad. While insourcing also exists, many of
these issues—especially the assertion that firms are “outsourcing
jobs”—remains controversial; yet, firms argue that these are
necessary strategies for survival in a global marketplace.
Opportunities
- Increased Investments in Technology and Innovation. There are
strong linkages between innovation and new firm formation, and
policymakers fully understand that risk-taking entrepreneurs have
positive impacts on regional economic development. With many
regional officials seeking the “next big thing” that will drive
their local and regional econo- mies for years to come, there is an
appreciation that small businesses are leading the way toward new
inventions, processes, and products. Such innovations are vital to
our economic growth, and they will provide the tools to make our
economy more competitive in an increasingly globalized
marketplace.
- “Economic Gardening” and Grooming Local Entrepreneurs.
Proponents of “economic gardening,” which has communities plow the
dollars that would have been spent on luring big businesses to
their town to promote local small businesses instead, argue that
grooming existing firms can ultimately lead to greater payoffs in
terms of job creation.
- Pursuing New Markets Overseas. One of the strengths in our
current economic climate is the export sector, and international
trade represents an opportunity for small businesses. Historically,
many small business owners have not been proactive about trading
with foreign partners. While 28.9 percent of the known export value
stemmed from small firms, entrepreneurs have yet to fully tap the
potential for growth in the export arena.
- Promoting Business Ownership among Selected Demographic Groups.
Women and minorities have been extremely entrepreneurial over the
past few years—a trend that is expected to continue. One of the
driving factors for minorities has been the influx of immigrants
coming to this country. Recent studies show a strong connection
between immigration and high-technology entrepreneurship,
suggesting enormous benefits for embracing these new citizens. In
addition, many of the veterans returning home from Iraq and
Afghanistan, are likely to devote themselves to entrepreneurship,
as previous generations of veterans have done. Policymakers should
find ways to promote greater business ownership among each of these
groups.
- Advancing Education and Training. Education and training are
important as there are strong linkages between entrepreneurship and
human capital. Moreover, small business owners devote significant
resources to training their workforce. These firms are able to
increase their labor productivity and reduce their labor turnover.
In this way, small business owners should look at education not
just as a means of retraining their workers, but also as methods of
building new skills, developing new human talent, and preserving
employee morale. Failure to do so might result in a reduced
competitive position for the most talented employees.
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