Question

• Describe how different methods of birth control can be used to prevent pregnancy

Answer 1

Birth control methods are classified as

1. Barrier method (a) Physical method (b) Chemical method
2. Intrauterine devices
3. Hormonal methods
4. Post conceptional methods
5. Permanent methods.

Physical methods

In males :- Condom is the most widley used barrier device in males.It prevents the sperm to be deposited in the female reproductive organ.The biggest advantage is it provides protection against STD's.

In Females :-Diaphragm is the most commonly used reproductive barrier.A spermicidal jelly is used along with the diaphragm.Another Female barrier device is V sponge.

Chemical methods

Various spermicidal agents like foams,creams and suppositories are inserted manually into female reproductive opening before intercourse.These act as surface active agents and attach to the sperm and decrease the oxygen uptake and kill them.

Intrauterine Devices

1. First generation   Lippes Loop
2. Second generation Copper T variants
3. Third generation Progestasert,Levonorgestrel

​​​​​​​Mechanism :-

• usually works after fertilization has occured but before implanatation is completed.
• It acts as foreign body in the uterine cavity causing cellular and biochemical changes in the endometrium and uterine fluid that impair the viability of the gamete.
• copper facilitates cellular reaction in endometrium ,impairs sperm motility etc.

​​​​​​​Hormonal

1. Oral contraceptive pills :- eg. (1) combined pill (2) Post coital pill
2. Depots :- eg (1) Injectable preperations (2) Subcutaneous implants