Question

1. Explain how peer relations change over time. Your answer should describe peer relations/friendships in infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood.

2. Define and describe the 4 types of attachment styles (secure, resistant, avoidant, disorganized-disoriented). Your answer can include how children with each style may react in the strange situation task.

Answer 1

1.
Peer relation is a relation where same interests, age, background plays a great role to form a group. Peer relation can be found in infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. When some individual with same age find their interests similar to each other, they approach to each other and make a group. The members of that group feel free to communicate with each other, they play, they study, they enjoy and spend their time with each other. Peer relation has a great importance in social development of any child.

Peer relation changes over time when we take an example of infants, peer relation in infants are not that much deep because they are very small to communicate well with each other. However, when an infant meet with other infant regularly they develop a sense of friendship. They feel happy when they see regularly in park or their house corridors. They want to communicate with each other, play accordingly. Infants spend more time in home with their parents so, they get very less opportunity to make peer relation. We can say peer relation in infancy is limited.

Peer relation in childhood begins with the age of 2 and lasts till 11-12. In early childhood children start to meet with each other in play area or kindergarten. Children with same interests come together, play together and spend time with each other.They learn sharing and caring. In later childhood they start proper schooling and study in a classroom. In this stage they form a peer group in which members learn good things along with bullying and cheating. Some child feels neglected, they have peer pressure also. So, in childhood peer relation makes a good difference in children. They learn socialization along with some negativity.

Peer relation in adolescence is very much influential. In this age adolescents spend more time with their friends and less with their parents. They talk openly on any topic. They don't want any kind of interruption in their group activities. They study with each other, support their group members. But because of less maturity they need some guidance otherwise they can spoil their lives. Overall, peer relationship in adolescence is very deep,

Adulthood is the age of acquiring full physical as well as intellectual maturity. In this age they know their good and bad. They choose anything  very carefully. In adulthood, adults are busy in their career building so, they start to spend more time on making their career better instead of spending time with friends. This is the time when adults start their own lives. They get married, start family. Some best friends are still in touch and they continue to meet with each other in a certain period of time.

2.

A child has a certain style of attachment with their parents. This attachment style has a great role in their present behaviors as well as future behaviors. Any child's attachment style tells more about him or her. How the child is attached with his or her parents or caregivers has an immense effect on their personal development.

Dr. John Bowlby was a psychologist who introduced attachment theory in the 1960s. He stated that one's ability to make attachment with others indicate much more about his or her ability to develop.

There are four types of attachment styles in children: secure, resistant, avoidant, and disorganized-disoriented.

Children with secure attachment style are generally confidant. They observe that their parents or caregivers will take care of him or her and meet all their needs. They are secured about their parents and their behavior,so they behave well in any situation.

children with resistance attachment style are usually behave anxiously because their parent's behavior is completely unpredictable. Sometimes they care about their needs and sometimes not. So, children got confused and show anxiety. They become more dependent on others.

Children with avoidant attachment style face their parents unresponsive attitudes towards their needs. So, they develop a sense of avoidance towards their parents. They don't believe their parents,so they prefer to be alone.

Children with disorganized-disoriented attachment style show more anxiety as their parents are abusing them and neglecting them. They feel difficulties in forming any relation in future. This style is found rarely in children.