Describe the relationship between voltage-gated ion channels and the steps of generating an action potential.

Expert Solution

- Action potential is a transient change in the membrane potential of about 100 mV (from -70 mV to +35 mV), which is conducted along the axon in all or none fashion. Voltage gated ion channels are involved in action potential (mainly voltage gated sodium and potassium channels).
- Phase of local potential : It occurs due to opening of few voltage gated sodium channels (Na+ channels). In this, the membrane potential rises from -70 mV (resting membrane potential) to -55 mV.
- Phase of depolarization : It occurs due to sodium ions influx due to opening of large number of voltage gated sodium channels which raises the membrane potential from -55 mV to +35 mV.
- Phase of repolarization : It occurs mainly due to potassium efflux due to increased exit of potassium ions from the voltage gated potassium channels as well as inactivation of sodium channels. The membrane potential falls from +35 mV to -70 mV.
- Phase of after hyperpolarization : It occurs due to slow return of potassium channels to the closed state and the membrane potential falls beyond -70 mV ( i.e the membrane potential falls below the resting membrane potential of -70 mV).
- The entire process of action potential takes about 1 msec.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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