Question

1 - What is the effect on transcription if nearby histones are acetylated?

Select one:

a. The region is less accessible for DNA Polymerase

b. The genes in this region will be unaffected

c. The region is more accessible for RNA Polymerase

d. The genes in the region will expose its enhancers

2- Are UAUA the first nucleotides in a mRNA?

Select one:

a. No, the first nucleotides are AUAU

b. No, since the first nucleotide in a mRNA is an inverted "A"

c. Yes, as this is the transcription start site

d. No, since transcription begins downstream of the TATA-box

3- Do all transcription factors increase transcription?

Select one:

a. No, since transcription factors can promote or prevent the recruitment of RNA Polymerase

b. No, since many transcription factors require activation

c. Yes, by directly or indirectly recruiting RNA Polymerase

d. Yes, by binding to a proximal or distal control element

Question 4

If a gene contains 21 exons, how many introns are there?

Select one:

a. 20

b. 22

c. 21

Question 5

What is alternative splicing?

Select one:

a. When certain exons are included or excluded, in a situation-dependent manner

b. When a mRNA is edited to replace certain nucleotides

c. When a mRNA is incorrectly folded

d. When a mRNA is cut into two fragments and each encodes a different protein

Question 6

A mRNA contains the sequence AUUUA, which is known to bind to proteins that recruit Deadenylase. Normally, which nuclease would degrade this mRNA?

Select one:

a. 3’-to-5’ exonuclease

b. RNA endonuclease

c. RISC

d. 5’-to-3’ exonuclease

Question 7

A mRNA contains the sequence AUUUA, which is known to bind to proteins that recruit Deadenylase. If this sequence is present in the mRNA for the growth factor GM-CSF, but mutates to become ACUCA, what do you expect to happen?

Select one:

a. The cell may grow uncontrollably

b. mRNA levels will be unchanged, but more GM-CSF protein will be produced

c. The mRNA will be degraded more rapidly

Question 8

How do the 5’ and 3’ UTRs of an eukaryotic mRNA influence translation?

Select one:

a. They control the recruitment of tRNAs to the ribosome

b. They can either enhance or repress the recruitment of the ribosome

c. They can recruit miRNAs or siRNAs that inhibit translation

d. Two of the other answers are true

e. Three of the other answers are true

Question 9

How do the 5’ cap and 3’ tail of an eukaryotic mRNA directly influence its translation?

Select one:

a. They allow the mRNA to be exported from the nucleus so that it can be translated

b. They prevent mRNA degradation

c. They recruit tRNAs to the ribosome

d. They are involved in the circularization of the mRNA, enabling efficient translation

Question 10

How is the destination of a protein usually determined?

Select one:

a. By its post-transcriptional modifications

b. By its function

c. By its post-translational modifications

d. By its amino acid sequence

Answer 1

1 - What is the effect on transcription if nearby histones are acetylated?

Select one:

a. The region is less accessible for DNA Polymerase

b. The genes in this region will be unaffected

c. The region is more accessible for RNA Polymerase

d. The genes in the region will expose its enhancers

Answer: The genes in the region will expose its enhancers.

2- Are UAUA the first nucleotides in a mRNA?

Select one:

a. No, the first nucleotides are AUAU

b. No, since the first nucleotide in a mRNA is an inverted "A"

c. Yes, as this is the transcription start site

d. No, since transcription begins downstream of the TATA-box

Answer: Yes, as this is the transcription start site.

3- Do all transcription factors increase transcription?

Select one:

a. No, since transcription factors can promote or prevent the recruitment of RNA Polymerase

b. No, since many transcription factors require activation

c. Yes, by directly or indirectly recruiting RNA Polymerase

d. Yes, by binding to a proximal or distal control element

Answer: No, since transcription factors can promote or prevent the recruitment of RNA Polymerase

Question 4

If a gene contains 21 exons, how many introns are there?

Select one:

a. 20

b. 22

c. 21

Answer: 20

Question 5

What is alternative splicing?

Select one:

a. When certain exons are included or excluded, in a situation-dependent manner

b. When a mRNA is edited to replace certain nucleotides

c. When a mRNA is incorrectly folded

d. When a mRNA is cut into two fragments and each encodes a different protein

Answer: When certain exons are included or excluded, in a situation-dependent manner

Question 6

A mRNA contains the sequence AUUUA, which is known to bind to proteins that recruit Deadenylase. Normally, which nuclease would degrade this mRNA?

Select one:

a. 3’-to-5’ exonuclease

b. RNA endonuclease

c. RISC

d. 5’-to-3’ exonuclease

Answer: RISC

Question 7

A mRNA contains the sequence AUUUA, which is known to bind to proteins that recruit Deadenylase. If this sequence is present in the mRNA for the growth factor GM-CSF, but mutates to become ACUCA, what do you expect to happen?

Select one:

a. The cell may grow uncontrollably

b. mRNA levels will be unchanged, but more GM-CSF protein will be produced

c. The mRNA will be degraded more rapidly

Answer:mRNA levels will be unchanged, but more GM-CSF protein will be produced

Question 8

How do the 5’ and 3’ UTRs of an eukaryotic mRNA influence translation?

Select one:

a. They control the recruitment of tRNAs to the ribosome

b. They can either enhance or repress the recruitment of the ribosome

c. They can recruit miRNAs or siRNAs that inhibit translation

d. Two of the other answers are true

e. Three of the other answers are true

Answer: Three of the other answers are true

They control the recruitment of tRNAs to the ribosome

They can either enhance or repress the recruitment of the ribosome

They can recruit miRNAs or siRNAs that inhibit translation

Question 9

How do the 5’ cap and 3’ tail of an eukaryotic mRNA directly influence its translation?

Select one:

a. They allow the mRNA to be exported from the nucleus so that it can be translated

b. They prevent mRNA degradation

c. They recruit tRNAs to the ribosome

d. They are involved in the circularization of the mRNA, enabling efficient translation

Answer: . They allow the mRNA to be exported from the nucleus so that it can be translated

Question 10

How is the destination of a protein usually determined?

Select one:

a. By its post-transcriptional modifications

b. By its function

c. By its post-translational modifications

d. By its amino acid sequence

Answer: By its post-translational modifications.