Question

give me a page and half about this " the Nature of  Motivation".  

Answer 1

MOTIVATION AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL FORCE:

Motivation is seen as the driving force within the individuals that impels individuals to take an action. This driving force is resultant of a state of tension, which exists from a potential unfulfilled need. Individuals strive for consciously as well as subconsciously in order to reduce their tension through behavior that they think would lead to the fulfillment of their needs and relief from stress.

There are two types of Motives-

1. Rational Motives- Cost and benefits are analysed, and the term rationally here means to carefully consider all alternatives while choosing those that give the individual the greatest utility. In simple marketing terms, the concept the rationality implies that consumers select goals based exclusively on objective criteria for example size, weight, price, or miles per gallon.

2. Emotional Motives- Where an individual is not looking at benefits and just but just purchases it, which furthermore implies the selection of goals in accordance to personal as well as subjective criteria for example pride, fear, affection or status).

THE DYNAMICS OF MOTIVATION:

- It is a highly dynamic construct which is constantly changing in accordance to the individual's reaction to life experiences. Needs and goals of an individual change as they grow in response to physical conditions or environments or interactions with others and their experiences. As individuals attain more and more of their goals they start to develop new ones. Incase individuals fail to attain they strive for old goals or build on more sustainable goals.

AROUSAL OF MOTIVES:

- The arousal of an individual's particular set of needs at a very given moment in time may be caused due to internal stimuli (What an individual says, wants or desires) found in an individual’s physiological, environment, emotional, or cognitive. It could also comprise of external stimuli such as àn advertisement of McDonald's, and an individual decides to eat it.
The other types of arousal:

1. Physiological - involves arousal needs which are specific moments in time are based on the individual’s physiological condition at that moment. For example, Jenifer felt cold so she decided to wear warm clothes. Mostly these physiological cues are involuntary which aroused related needs that cause uncomfortable tensions until they are satisfied.
   
2. Emotional arousal- in which few times daydreaming is resultant in the stimulation of latent needs where individuals who are frustrated try to achieve their goals by engaging in daydreaming in which they see themselves in a place they would like to be one day.

3. Cognitive arousal- are the randomness of thoughts could lead to cognitive awareness of needs.

4. Environmental arousal - The set of needs an individual experiences at a given time is mostly activated by specific cues given in the environment. Without those cues, the needs of an individual might remain dormant. When people residing in highly complex varied environment, they could experience many opportunities of need arousal conversely when their environment is deprived and fewer needs are activated.

However, there are two known opposing philosophies concerned with the arousal of human motives, first is The behaviorist school which considers motivation to be a mechanical process and behaviour is seen as a response to a stimulus, and elements of consciousness are ignored. second is The cognitive school which believes that an individuals behavior is only directed at goal achievement. Needs along with past experiences are reasoned, categorized, and transformed into attitudes and beliefs which then act as a predisposition to behavior.

Hope this answers your question, in case it doesnt please feel free to reach out to me.
Good luck, Ruhi