1. A transaction is sequence of database operations that access the database. list and explain the...

1. A transaction is sequence of database operations that access the database. list and explain the six states in which a transaction can exit.

2. Explain the techniques that transaction recovery procedures follow.

Expert Solution

1. There are a total of six states in which a database transaction can exist.

Active : It is the first state of a transaction, and a transaction remains active till its getting executed.
Partially Committed State : Just before the transaction is getting completed, that is when the last instruction is finished, the transaction enters into partially committed state but not in fully, as the transaction remains in memory buffer.
Committed State : When a transaction completed successfully, it stores all the data in database and then enters into the state called committed. It can not be rolled back after that, even if the hardware or software crashes.
Failed : When a transaction enters into a partially committed state and due to some reason(either hardware or software crashes or power failure or anything) the transaction is unable to execute further then it enters into failed state where all the forward instructions are unreachable.
Aborted : After getting failed, the transaction needs to rollback all the events it did till the partially committed state to preserve the previous state before the transaction started. After rolling back transaction gets aborted.
Terminated : After getting successfully committed or aborted the transaction comes to an end which is the last step of its lifecycle. This state is called terminated.

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