It is a well-known phenomenon observed in drug addiction, that larger and larger doses of drugs...

It is a well-known phenomenon observed in drug addiction, that larger and larger doses of drugs are required over time to get the same effect (or high). Explain why this occurs based on the regulation of receptors the drug binds to and what feedback mechanism is involved.

Expert Solution

Drug tolerance is a pharmacological concept , which describes subject's reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use.
Increasing its dosage may re-amplify the drug's effect, however this may accelerate tolerance , further reducing drug's effects.
There are three type of tolerance :-

Pharmacodynamic tolerance

It begins when the cellular response to a substance is reduced with repeated use.
A common cause of pharmacodynamic tolerance is high concentrations of a substance constantly binding with the receptor, desensitizing it through constant interaction .
Other possibilities include reduction in receptor density , other mechanism leading to chance in action potential firing rate.

Pharmacokinetic (metabolic) tolerance

Pharmacokinetic tolerance is also called as dispositional tolerance, which occurs because of a decreased f the substance reaching the site it affects.
This may be caused by an increase in induction of the enzymes required for degradation of the drug e.g. CYP450 enzymes.

Behavioral tolerance

Behavioral tolerance is because of continous use of psycho active drugs, where increased motor activity with repeated use.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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