Question

Case 1

A hard working 38-year-old women who is working as a marathon coach for 15 years has been having mild dull ache at the back of her right ankle for the past 14 months but for the past few weeks the pain has become unbearable when she is training and experience an excruciating pain at the back of his right leg upt o to her ankle. She has been limping on the right foot since, and experiences frequent throbbing at the sore region. She goes to a doctor and been advised to use an anti-inflammatory drug known as cortisone, which have been helpful in reducing pain temporarily. Based on the case given,

1. What connective tissue disease does the women is suffering?

2. What causes the disease?

3– 4. What are the other possible locations in the body where this disease could be seen?

5. What cell normally repairs this kind of condition?

Case 2

A 44-year old patient presented in our clinic with ongoing shoulder and arm pain for 3 years. He had noticed a painless tumor with feeling of pressure in his upper right arm for some months. Clinical examination showed a painless tumor on the right upper arm, starting lateral to the axillary fold expanding about 10 cm distally. Pathology showed multi vacuolated, granular cytoplasm with small central nuclei.

1. What structure is described by the histopathologic findings on the patients?

2. Which of the two types of adipose tissue are highly vascularized? Why?

3. How does the adipose cells of babies react to cold temperatures?

4. Which gene is uniquely expressed by fetal fat?

Answer 1

Case1

1. The connective tissue disease affected by this patient is rheumatoid arthritis.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis is a disease in which there is the destruction of bone and cartilage inside the joint by synovium. This is an autoimmune disease, where patient t's own immune system plays a role in this disease along with environmental factors like trauma also is a cause of this disease.

3. This disease could be seen other joints like wrist hand other joints of the body. It may cause inflammation on the lung and heart tissue.

4. Synovium is affected by rheumatoid arthritis leading to damage to the joints, tendon and cartilage.

Case 2.

1. The structure is described by the histopathologic findings is adipose tissue. (brown type).

2. Brown types of adipose tissue are highly vascularized because it's oxygen consumption is high.

3. The adipose cells of babies react to cold temperatures in such a way that they do not shiver in cold temperature because of the higher concentration of brown fat.