Question

 

Write an essay (at least 5 paragraphs)?The scientific method forms the basis of scientific investigation and discovery. Describe an example to demonstrate the process of scientific inquiry and the key steps involved.

Answer 1

First of all we are dealing about all fundamental story of this scientic method then we will talk about what is process and how many way to find it.

Scientific method is an empiricalmethod of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticismabout what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings. These are principles of the scientific method, as opposed to a definitive series of steps applicable to all scientific enterprises.Scientific inquiry generally aims to obtain knowledge in the form of testable explanations that scientists can use to predict the results of future experiments. This allows scientists to gain a better understanding of the topic under study, and later to use that understanding to intervene in its causal mechanisms (such as to cure disease). The better an explanation is at making predictions, the more useful it frequently can be, and the more likely it will continue to explain a body of evidence better than its alternatives. The most successful explanations – those which explain and make accurate predictions in a wide range of circumstances – are often called scientific theories.

There are different ways of outlining the basic method used for scientific inquiry. The scientific community and philosophers of science generally agree on the following classification of method components. These methodological elements and organization of procedures tend to be more characteristic of natural sciencesthan social sciences. Nonetheless, the cycle of formulating hypotheses, testing and analyzing the results, and formulating new hypotheses, will resemble the cycle described below.

The scientific method is an iterative, cyclical process through which information is continually revised.It is generally recognized to develop advances in knowledge through the following elements, in varying combinations or contributions.

So main fundamental point is given below:

(1)Characterizations (observations, definitions, and measurements of the subject of inquiry)
(2)Hypotheses (theoretical, hypothetical explanations of observations and measurements of the subject)
(3)Predictions (inductive and deductive reasoning from the hypothesis or theory)
(4)Experiments.

So u can say that that is a key of scientific inquiry of any thing which are discover.so we are dealing about particular thing:

(1)Purpose/Question
Ask a question.
(2)Research
Conduct background research. Write down your sources so you can cite your references. In the modern era, a lot of your research may be conducted online. Scroll to the bottom of articles to check the references. Even if you can't access the full text of a published article, you can usually view the abstract to see the summary of other experiments. Interview experts in a topic. The more you know about a subject, the easier it will be to conduct your investigation.
(3)Hypothesis
Propose a hypothesis. This is a sort of educated guess about what you expect (see examples). It is a statement used to predict the outcome of an experiment. Usually a hypothesis is written in terms of cause and effect. Alternatively, it may describe the relationship between two phenomena. One type of hypothesis is the null hypothesis or no-difference hypothesis. This is an easy type of hypothesis to test because it assumes changing a variable will have no effect on the outcome. In reality, you probably expect a change, but rejecting a hypothesis may be more useful than accepting one.

(4)Experiment
Design and perform an experiment to test your hypothesis. An experiment has an independent and dependent variable. You change or control the independent variable and record the effect it has on the dependent variable. It's important to change only one variable for an experiment rather than try to combine the effects of variables in an experiment. For example, if you want to test the effects of light intensity and fertilizer concentration on plant growth rate, you're really looking at two separate experiments.

(5)Data/Analysis
Record observations and analyze what the data means. Often, you'll prepare a table or graph of the data. Don't throw out data points you think are bad or that don't support your predictions. Some of the most incredible discoveries in science were made because the data looked wrong! Once you have the data, you may need to perform a mathematical analysis to support or refute your hypothesis.
(6)Conclusion
Conclude whether to accept or reject your hypothesis. There is no right or wrong outcome to an experiment, so either result is fine. Note accepting a hypothesis does not necessarily mean it's correct! Sometimes repeating an experiment may give a different result. In other cases, a hypothesis may predict an outcome, yet you might draw an incorrect conclusion. Communicate your results. The results may be compiled into a lab reportor formally submitted as a paper. Whether you accept or reject the hypothesis, you likely learned something about the subject and may wish to revise the original hypothesis or form a new one for a future experiment.