Question

Structure	Description	Location
Lateral Ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Choroid Plexus
Grey and White Matter
Longitudinal Fissure
Central Fissure
Dura Mater

Answer 1

1. Lateral ventricle

Location: cerebral hemisphere

Description: The brain possesses four cavities or ventricles that makes cerebral ventricular system. two of them are lateral ventricles present in each cerebral hemisphere, the third ventricle is present in diencephalon, and the fourth ventricle in the hindbrain. The lateral ventricle is a C-shaped cavity situated within each cerebral hemisphere. It is lined by thin layer of glial cells and filled with cerebrospinal fluid. It has a capacity of 7 to 10 ml. The 2 lateral ventricles are separated from each other by a thin vertical sheet of nervous tissue called septum pellucidum covered on either side by ependyma. It communicates with the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen of Monro. Each of the lateral ventricles seems like a lateral part (body) and 3 horns (cornua) namely the anterior horn, posterior horn, and inferior horn. When ventrally sectioned, it appears triangular anteriorly and rectangular posteriorly.

2. Cerebral aqueduct

Location: midbrain

Description: The cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius) is the connecting structure within the brainstem that connects the third ventricle to the fourth. It is located within the midbrain, surrounded by periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) with the tectum of midbrain located posteriorly and the tegmentum anteriorly.It is filled with CSF and its obstruction leads to obstructive hydrocephalus with dilatation of the lateral and third ventricles only.

3. Choroid plexus

Location:All ventricles

Description: The choroid plexus is a complex network of capillaries lined by secretary glail cells that perform various functions. One of the primary functions is to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the glail cells that line the ventricles of the brain. Secondly, the choroid plexus serves as a barrier in the brain separating the blood from the CSF, known as the blood-CSF barrier. In addition to these vital functions, the choroid plexus also secretes various growth factors that maintain the stem cell pool in the subventricular zone. Not only are these functions necessary for successful brain development, but they are also essential to protect against harmful microbes and toxins.

4. Longitudinal fissure

Location: between two cerebral hemispheres

Description: The median longitudinal fissure is a deep groove in between the two hemispheres. It is also called cerebral fissure or interhemispheric fissure. It is also referred to as simply longitudinal fissure. The falx celebri (or cerebral fals), a fold of the dura mater, covers it. Beneath this fissure is a corpus callosum. The corpus callosum (also called callosal commissure) is a bundle of commissural fibers that spans part of the median longitudinal fissure, and allows communication between the left and the right cerebral hemispheres.

5. Central fissure

Location: cerebral hemispheres

Description: The Central fissure also called Central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, and more specifically separates the primary motor cortex anteriorly from the primary somatosensory cortex posteriorly

Dura Matter

Location: meninges of brain

Description: The dura mater often gets referred to as merely the dura. It is one of the layers of connective tissue that make up the meninges of the brain (pia, arachnoid, and dura, from inside to outside). It is the outermost layer of the three meninges which surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. The dura mater is made up of fibroblasts and large amounts of extracellular collagen. The dura mater is composed of two layers: the periosteal/endosteal layer and the meningeal layer. The dural venous sinuses are between these two layers. The dura folds to form septa that create the falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae.