Question

In: Chemistry

Deuterium (Subscript 1 Superscript 2 Baseline H) is an attractive fuel for fusion reactions because it...

Deuterium (Subscript 1 Superscript 2 Baseline H) is an attractive fuel for fusion reactions because it is abundant in the waters of the oceans. In the oceans, about 0.0119% of the hydrogen atoms in the water (H2O) are deuterium atoms. (a) How many deuterium atoms are there in one kilogram of water? (b) If each deuterium nucleus produces about 7.20 MeV in a fusion reaction, how many kilograms of ocean water would be needed to supply the energy needs of a large country for a year, with an estimated need of 7.90 × 1020 J?

Solutions

Expert Solution

1 kg of water contains 1000 gr/ 18 (MW) = 55.55 moles of water.

every mole of water contains 2 x avagadro number of hydrogen atoms.

avagadro number = NA = 6.02x1023

so 55.55 moles of water contains = 111.1xNA hydrogen atoms.

so 0.0119% of 111.1xNA = 0.0132209xNA deuterium atoms available per Kg of water.

NOTE 1J = 6.241509x1018 ev

7.90 × 1020 J = 6.241509x1018 x 7.90 × 1020 = 49 x 10 38   ev

one dueterium nucleus = one deuterium atom, gives 7200000 ev energy

number of deuterium atoms required = 49 x 10 38 / 7200000 = 0.68 x 10 33

water required = 0.68 x 10 33 / (0.0132209xNA) = 51.475x 10 33 /NA kg of water.=8.551x 10 10 kg of water


Related Solutions

Deuterium (Subscript 1 Superscript 2 Baseline H) is an attractive fuel for fusion reactions because it...
Deuterium (Subscript 1 Superscript 2 Baseline H) is an attractive fuel for fusion reactions because it is abundant in the waters of the oceans. In the oceans, about 0.0177% of the hydrogen atoms in the water (H2O) are deuterium atoms. (a) How many deuterium atoms are there in one kilogram of water? (b) If each deuterium nucleus produces about 7.20 MeV in a fusion reaction, how many kilograms of ocean water would be needed to supply the energy needs of...
1) Find the critical values chi Subscript Upper R Superscript 2 and chi Subscript Upper L...
1) Find the critical values chi Subscript Upper R Superscript 2 and chi Subscript Upper L Superscript 2 for the given confidence level c and sample size n. c=0.95​, n=19 2) Use technology to construct the confidence intervals for the population variance sigma squared and the population standard deviation sigma. Assume the sample is taken from a normally distributed population. c=0.98 ,s^2=18.49 ,n=30
Find the critical​ values, chi Subscript 1 minus alpha divided by 2 Superscript 2 and chi...
Find the critical​ values, chi Subscript 1 minus alpha divided by 2 Superscript 2 and chi Subscript alpha divided by 2 Superscript 2​, for​ 95% confidence and nequals12. Round to the nearest thousandth.
Using the 2 Superscript k Baseline greater than or equals n ​rule, determine the number of...
Using the 2 Superscript k Baseline greater than or equals n ​rule, determine the number of classes needed for the following data set sizes. ​a) nequals 50 ​b) nequals 400 ​c) nequals 1250 ​d) nequals 2500 ​a) The number of classes needed when nequals 50is nothing . ​b) The number of classes needed when nequals 400is nothing . ​c) The number of classes needed when nequals 1250is nothing . ​d) The number of classes needed when nequals 2500is nothing .
Two possible nuclear fusion reactions are d + d → 4He + γ and d + d → 4He + p , where d is deuterium
Two possible nuclear fusion reactions are d + d → 4He + γ and d + d → 4He + p , where d is deuterium, an atom with a nucleus composed of a proton bound to a neutron. 3He and 4He are helium atoms with nuclei consisting of two protons and one neutron (3He) or two protons and two neutrons (4He). Both of these reactions satisfy energy conservation. Which do you think occurs more quickly and why?    
1) Predict the sign, (+) or (-), for ∆H and ∆S for the following reactions. 2...
1) Predict the sign, (+) or (-), for ∆H and ∆S for the following reactions. 2 C(s) + O (g)         2CO(g)                                 ∆H: _____                  ∆S: _____ CO2 (s)      CO2 (g)                                              ∆H: _____                  ∆S: _____ N2(g) + 3H2(g)      2NH3(g)                                 ∆H: _____                  ∆S: _____ 2) Use the standard entropy values below to calculate the entropy change (∆Sorxn) for the following balanced equation. N2 (g)...
consider the following state vectors |psi subscript 1> =3|+> + 4|-> |psi subscript 2> = |+>...
consider the following state vectors |psi subscript 1> =3|+> + 4|-> |psi subscript 2> = |+> + 2i |-> |psi subscript 3> = 3|+> - e exp ipi\3 |-> Now , normalize each state vector then , For each state vector calculate the probability that the spin components is up or down along each of the three cartesian axes . Use bra-ket notation for the entire calculation.
(1) Shares are attractive to investors because shareholders are not liable for the corporation's actions and...
(1) Shares are attractive to investors because shareholders are not liable for the corporation's actions and debts and because shares are easily transferred. True or False (2) Fast Cars Inc. was authorized to issue 50,000 $1.50 preferred shares and 300,000 common shares. During 2020, its first year of operations, the following selected transactions occurred: Jan. 1 6,000 of the preferred shares were issued at $11.00 per share; cash. Feb. 5 15,000 of the common shares were issued for a total...
Fusion reactions in the Sun's core produce 2 x 10^38 neutrinos per second. If these solar...
Fusion reactions in the Sun's core produce 2 x 10^38 neutrinos per second. If these solar neutrinos radiate isotropically away from the Sun, about how many solar neutrinos are inside your body at any given time? Is this larger or smaller than the number of neutrinos from the cosmic neutrino background that are inside your body at the same moment?
Evaluate the integral Integral from 1 divided by 2 to 1 left parenthesis x Superscript negative...
Evaluate the integral Integral from 1 divided by 2 to 1 left parenthesis x Superscript negative 3 Baseline minus 15 right parenthesis dx using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT