Question

Describe how ventilation is regulated by six different neural (sensory and autorhythmic), chemical, and higher brain (conscious/emotional) inputs. Explain the responses to and the results of each of these regulatory signals.

Answer 1

The nervous Mechanism that control respiration are

1. Efferent nerves
2. Afferent nerves
3. Respiratory centre

Respiratory centre

These are group of neuron that control the rate , rythm and respiration of a person

Central ones are classified into 2

• Medullary center
• Pontine centre

1) medullary center

• Dorsal respiratory group of neurons

Situated in tractus solitaries . These neurons are called inspiratory centres

They are responsible for basic rythm of respiration

• Ventral respiratory group of neurons

Nucleolus ambiguous is the situation. They are know as both inspiratory and expiratory centre . They cause forced breathing

2) pontine centre

• Apneustic center

Situated in the nuclei reticular formation, it determine the depth of respiration .

• Pneumotaxic centres

Situated in reticular formation of upper pons , it control medulary respiratory centre

Function of medulary center

Normal rythm of respiration is maintained by dorsal respiratory group.

Central chemoreceptors

Situated in deep medulla oblongata

Their main function is to act on dorsal respiratory group. When H + and co2 increase it will stimulate the dorsal respiratory group of neurons.

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Present in. Carotid and aortic region . Hypoxia is the potential stimuli for peripheral chemoreceptors