Researchers have been studying the association between cigarette smoking and caffeine intake and Parkinson's Disease for...

Researchers have been studying the association between cigarette smoking and caffeine intake and

Parkinson's Disease for more than 40 years. The results of a study by Checkoway et al. (2002) follow:

Ever having smoked cigarettes resulted with an odds ratio (OR) = 0.5 (95% confidence interval (CI):

0.4, 0.8).

The OR for current smokers was OR = 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.7).

Among ex-smokers the OR = 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4, 0.9).

Interpret the three ORs (in your own words).

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