Question

In a sentence or two describe each of the following terms:.

• prefrontal cortex,

• premotor cortex,

• primary motor cortex,

• basal ganglia,

• cerebellum,

• lateral corticospinal tract,

• corona radiata,

• internal capsule,

• upper motor neuron

• lateral corticospinal tract

• ventral or anterior corticospinal tract,

• ventral horn of the spinal segment,

• lower motor neuron, neuromuscular junction,

• muscle,

• muscle spindle,

• intrafusal muscle fibre.

• Golgi tendon organ.

• innervation ratio

Answer 1

1.The prefrontal cortex  is the cerebral cortex covering the front part of the frontal lobe, it  is implicated in a variety of complex behaviors, including planning, and greatly contributes to personality development.

2. The premotor cortex is located just in front of the primary motor cortex in the brain, its main function is to control your body movements.

3.The basal ganglia are a group of structures found deep within the cerebral hemispheres, . These nuclei can have different shapes and are involved in the control of movement.

4. The cerebellum or the little brain is a structure that is located at the back of the brain, underlying the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.

5. The lateral corticospinal tract is a descending motor pathway, the lateral corticospinal tract is located along the posterolateral margin of the spinal cord.

6.The corona radiata refer to a pair of white matter tracts seen at the level of the lateral ventricles.

7.The internal capsule is a white matter structure situated in the inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain.

8 The nerves in the CNS which carry the impulses for movement are known as upper motor neurons, they are found in the cerebral cortex and brainstem and carry information down to activate interneurons and lower motor neurons, which in turn directly signal muscles to contract or relax

9.The lateral corticospinal tract is a descending motor pathway they sends fibers predominantly to the extremity muscles,

10. Ventral or anterior corticospinal tract is a small bundle of descending fibers that connect the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord

11 The ventral horn of the spinal cord is one of the grey longitudinal columns found within the spinal cord. It contains the cell bodies of the lower motor neurons

12 The lower motor neuron (LMN) is the efferent neuron of the peripheral nervous system that connects the central nervous system with the muscle

13. Neuromuscular junction, which is the space between or synapse between two neurons.

14. Muscle is s soft tissue found in most animals

15. Muscle spindles are stretch receptors within the body of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of the muscle

16 Intrafusal muscle fibers are skeletal muscle fibers that serve as specialized sensory organs (proprioceptors) that detect the amount and rate of change in length of a muscle.

17. The golgi tendon organ is a sense organ that receives information from the tendon, that senses tension.

18. The innervation ratio defines the number of muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron.