Question

Match the virus with the primary site of infection

a.       Hantavirus in US 1. mucosal contact with avian feces

b.       Hantavirus in Asia 2. mucosal contact with human bodily fluids

c.       Rabies 3. skin epithelials

d.       West Nile virus 4. pathogenesis poorly known, involves urine primarily

e.       Nipah virus 5. endothelial cells of kidneys

f.       Ebolavirus 6. mucosa then to respiratory epithelial cells

g.       Influenza virus 7. pulmonary endothelial cells (via inhalation)

h.       Newcastle virus 8. Skunkathelials

Answer 1

aa-7, b-5, c-3, d-1, e-4, f-2, g-6, h-8

Hantaviruses are a family of viruses spread mainly by rodents and can cause varied disease syndromes in people worldwide. Infection with any hantavirus can produce hantavirus disease in people. Hantaviruses in the Americas are known as “New World” hantaviruses and may cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Other hantaviruses, known as “Old World” hantaviruses, are found mostly in Europe and Asia and may cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Each hantavirus serotype has a specific rodent host species and is spread to people via aerosolized virus that is shed in urine, feces, and saliva, and less frequently by a bite from an infected host.

Rebies virus are transmitted by skin epithelial. It bind to skin cell membrane receptor and enter the cell and infect nervous system.

West Nile virus are mainly spread by birds (avians), from bites of infected mosquitoes. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds, which circulate the virus in their blood for a few days. The virus eventually gets into the mosquito's salivary glands. During later blood meals (when mosquitoes bite), the virus may be injected into humans and animals, where it can multiply and possibly cause illness.The virus may also be transmitted through contact with other infected animals, their blood, or other tissues. The presence of infectious WNV in bird feces indicates a potential for direct transmission of WNV.

Most human infected by Nipah virus resulted from direct contact with sick pigs or their contaminated tissues and also by consumption of fruits or fruit products (such as raw date palm juice) contaminated with urine or saliva from infected fruit bats was also source of infection.

The Ebola virus is transmitted among humans through close and direct physical contact with infected bodily fluids, the most infectious being blood, faeces and vomit. The Ebola virus can also be transmitted indirectly, by contact with previously contaminated surfaces and objects.

Influenza viruses spread from human to human via aerosols created when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. Infection occurs after an immunologically susceptible person inhales the aerosol. If not neutralized by secretory antibodies, the virus invades airway and respiratory tract cells.

New casstle Virus is spread primarily through direct contact between healthy birds and the bodily discharges of infected birds. The disease is transmitted through infected birds' droppings and secretions from the nose, mouth, and eyes. Is can transmit through rodents, insects, birds etc.