Question

Question 1

1. The Goodness of Fit test and the Test of Independence are two forms of which of the following test? (2 points)
   1. Regression analysis
   2. Correlation analysis
   3. Chi-square analysis
   4. Independent samples t-test
   5. Related samples t-test
2. We can make cause-and-effect statements when: (2 points)
   1. We run correlations to see how two variables are related to one another
   2. We use experimental manipulations (i.e., through the manipulation of the independent variable)
3. What type of question do chi-squares answer? (2 points)
   1. Can we predict variable Y from variable X?
   2. What is the relationship between two variables? Are these variables associated with one another? Is there a difference in frequencies across groups?
   3. Are there significant differences in the outcome variable across groups? Are there significant differences across group means?  
4. What type of question do t-tests answer? (2 points)
   1. Can we predict variable Y from variable X?
   2. What is the relationship between two variables? Are these variables associated with one another?
   3. Are there significant differences in the outcome variable across groups? Are there significant differences across group means?  

Answer 1

(1)

Question:

The Goodness of Fit test and the Test of Independence are two forms of which of the following test?

Correct option:

c.    Chi-square analysis

Explanation:

The Chi Square test is used both as a goodness of fit i.e., comparing the frequenciesofone random variable theoretical expectations and as a test of independence, i.e., comparing frequencies of one nominal variable for different values of a second nominal variable.

(2)

Question:

We can make cause-and-effect statements when:

Correct option:

b.    We use experimental manipulations (i.e., through the manipulation of the independent variable)

Explanation:

Correlation does not imply causation. For finding causatio, experimental manipulation is needed.

(3)

Question:

What type of question do chi-squares answer?

Correct option:

b.     What is the relationship between two variables? Are these variables associated with one another? Is there a difference in frequencies across groups?

Explanation:

Chi square test is for association of nominal variables.

(4)

Question:

What type of question do t-tests answer?

Correct option:

c.     Are there significant differences in the outcome variable across groups? Are there significant differences across group means

Explanation:

t test is a parametric test to test significance of difference between groups.