It is thought that children who attend daycare centers build a more robust immune system because...

It is thought that children who attend daycare centers build a more robust immune system because they are exposed to more germs. A study by Gilham et al (2005) examined whether there was a relationship between attending daycare and the probability of later developing the white blood cell disease Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). They compared 1272 children with ALL to 6238 children without ALL. Of the kids with All, 1020 went to daycare. Of the kids without ALL, 5343 went to day care. The rest of the children did not go to daycare or have regular contact with other children.

Is this an experimental or observational study?
What are the odds of kids who went to daycare developing ALL? What are the odds for the kids who did not go to daycare?
What is the odds ratio for ALL, comparing kids who went to day care and those that did not?

Expert Solution

	Daycare	Not daycare	Total
ALL	1020	1272-1020 = 252	1272
Without ALL	5343	6238-5343 = 895	6238
Total	6363	1147	7510

Answer a)

It is an observational study as the researcher does not vary any parameter.

Answer b)

The odds of kids who went to daycare developing ALL = No. of Daycare Kids who developed ALL/No. of Daycare Kids who did not developed ALL

The odds of kids who went to daycare developing ALL = 1020/5343

The odds of kids who went to daycare developing ALL = 0.1909

The odds for the kids who did not go to daycare developing ALL = No. Kids who developed ALL and did not go to daycare/No. of kids who did not developed ALL and did not go to daycare

The odds for the kids who did not go to daycare = 252/895

The odds for the kids who did not go to daycare = 0.2816

Answer c)

The odds ratio for ALL, comparing kids who went to day care and those that did not = No. of Kids with ALL who went to daycare/No. of Kids with ALL who did not went to day care

The odds ratio for ALL, comparing kids who went to day care and those that did not = 1020/252

The odds ratio for ALL, comparing kids who went to day care and those that did not = 4.0476

orchestra answered 2 years ago

1. Diarrhoeal disease is more common in children attending daycare centres than those at home because...

1. Diarrhoeal disease is more common in children attending daycare centres than those at home because Select one: a. of close contact between children. b. of oral exploration of objects by young children. c. staff can spread disease between children. d. some organisms that affect children have a low infectious dose. e. all of these options are correct. 2. What is most likely to happen to the bacteria in food when it is cooked over 80°C? Select one: a. They...

A researcher provides the following research hypothesis: Those who attend church more frequently will be more...

A researcher provides the following research hypothesis: Those who attend church more frequently will be more likely to vote. a. What is the independent and dependent variable here? EXPLAIN. b. What “direction” is this relationship? EXPLAIN. c. Write an appropriate null hypothesis for this research hypothesis. 2. A researcher provides the following research hypothesis: Blacks will lend money more frequently to friends and family than will Whites. a. What is the independent and dependent variable here? EXPLAIN. b. What “direction”...

The Apple Tree learning Center requires all children who attend to comply with current vaccine recommendations...

The Apple Tree learning Center requires all children who attend to comply with current vaccine recommendations and be up-to-date on immunizations at the start of each year. Applying Utilitarianism, describe whether or not this policy is justified and provide rationale for your answer.

The Apple Tree learning Center requires all children who attend to comply with current vaccine recommendations...

The Apple Tree learning Center requires all children who attend to comply with current vaccine recommendations and be up-to-date on immunizations at the start of each year. Applying Utilitarianism, describe whether or not this policy is justified?

There is a married couple with three children and an annual income of $24,000 who, because...

There is a married couple with three children and an annual income of $24,000 who, because of the standard deduction and personal exemptions, owe no federal income tax. Suppose the child tax credit is such that for families that pay less income tax than the child credit to which they are entitled the law allows them to receive a refund of 15% of earnings over $12,000, up to a maximum of $800. a. What is the family’s tax credit per...

. The immune system is regulated by soluble mediators called ______. 2. Because cytokines mediate signals...

. The immune system is regulated by soluble mediators called ______. 2. Because cytokines mediate signals between leukocytes, they are called _____________. 3. These cytokines “interfere” with viral replication. They are called____________. 4. Define chemotaxis: 5. Let’s think about how each cytokine functions. There are 5 groups of functionality. List them: 6. _________act on lymphs but do not bind antigen. 7. Interleukins have widely overlapping _____________. 8. IL molecules modulate inflammation and immunity by regulating _____, ______, and ________ of...

Because people dislike commuting to work, homes closest to employment centers tend to be more expensive....

Because people dislike commuting to work, homes closest to employment centers tend to be more expensive. The price of a home in a given employment center is $60 per day. The daily rental price for housing drops by $2.50 per mile for each mile farther from the employment center. The price of gasoline per mile of commute is pg (pg < $2.50) Thus, the net cost of traveling an extra mile to work is pg − $2.5. Lan chooses the...

Is the CRISPR-Cas9 system more similar to the human innate or adaptive immune system? Briefly explain...

Is the CRISPR-Cas9 system more similar to the human innate or adaptive immune system? Briefly explain your answer

Why would the adaptive immune system be more effective than the innate system to fight off...

Why would the adaptive immune system be more effective than the innate system to fight off Pertussis?

Recent results suggest that children with ADHD also tend to watch more TV than children who...

Recent results suggest that children with ADHD also tend to watch more TV than children who are not diagnosed with the disorder. To examine this relationship, a researcher obtains a random sample of n = 36 children, 8 to 12 years old, who have been diagnosed with ADHD. Each child is asked to keep a journal recording how much time each day is spent watching TV. The average daily time for the sample is M = 4.9 hours. It is known that the average...

Question

It is thought that children who attend daycare centers build a more robust immune system because...

Solutions

Expert Solution

Related Solutions

1. Diarrhoeal disease is more common in children attending daycare centres than those at home because...

A researcher provides the following research hypothesis: Those who attend church more frequently will be more...

The Apple Tree learning Center requires all children who attend to comply with current vaccine recommendations...

The Apple Tree learning Center requires all children who attend to comply with current vaccine recommendations...

There is a married couple with three children and an annual income of $24,000 who, because...

. The immune system is regulated by soluble mediators called ______. 2. Because cytokines mediate signals...

Because people dislike commuting to work, homes closest to employment centers tend to be more expensive....

Is the CRISPR-Cas9 system more similar to the human innate or adaptive immune system? Briefly explain...

Why would the adaptive immune system be more effective than the innate system to fight off...

Recent results suggest that children with ADHD also tend to watch more TV than children who...