Question

What is vaccination? What is the role of vaccines in body? Give two examples when immediate response is needed by body to defend it, name this type of immunization.

Answer 1

Answer:

What is vaccination:

• A vaccine is a biological preparation that consists of inactivated or attenuated microorganism that is administerd as a preventive inoculation to confer immunity against a specific disease.
• Types of vaccines include:
  • Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Inactivated vaccine
  • Toxoid vaccine
  • Subunit vaccines

What is the role of vaccines in body:

• Vaccine works by stimulating antibody production and activating other immune cells.
• Immune system recognizes the infectious agent (present in vaccine) leading to the production of antibodies by cells which then persists in the body as memory cells and provides protection against subsequent infections.

Give two examples when immediate response is needed by body to defend it, name this type of immunization:

• Example 1: Transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus and child (passive natural immunization)
• Example 2: Rabies vaccine, diphtheria vaccine, anti-snake venom - in such cases, Immunoglobulin antibodies are given which provides immediate protection.
• This type of immunization is called Passive Immunization. In passive immunization antibodies (produced in other organisms) are administered as a medication to a nonimmune individual to counteract antigen.