Question

In: Chemistry

1. Create a C10H22 aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains 2 different substituents. Name it and draw the...

1. Create a C10H22 aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains 2 different substituents. Name it and draw the skeletal structure.

2. Describe the intermolecular forces that cause large hydrocarbons to go from liquid to solid.

3. Draw R and S enantiomers for C4H9Br. Label R and S.

4. Describe the physical property relationship between enantiomers.

5. Explain the differences between kinetically and thermodynamically controlled reactions - draw energy curves to illuminate your explanation.

6. What are bond dissociation energies and why/how are they useful?

Expert Solution

Solution :-

1)Structure for the aliphatic compound with formula C10H22 is shown in the following image

The name for the compound is 3-ethyl-2-methylheptane because it contains 7 carbon chain with methyl substituent on carbon 2 and ethyl substituent on carbon 3

2) R and S configurations for the C4H9Br are shown in the above image with labels.

R and S configurations are determined using the priority numbers of the substituents.

3) When the intermolecular forces are strong then the molecules in the compound are close to each other therefore they forms the compact structure therefore to change from liquid to solid they gives off heat.

4) Enantiomers are the non super impossible mirror images of the same compound therefore they only differ in the configuration of the chiral carbon. Therefore the physical properties such as density , boiling point , melting point are all same for the enatiomers.

5) A kinetically controlled reaction occur fastly and gives the product with relatively high energy (Less stable) While the thermodynamically controlled reactions occur slowly and gives the product with the less energy (more stable)

Following is the energy profile diagram

6) Bond dissociation energies means the energies that are needed to break the bond between the bonded atoms.

The use of bond energies is done to calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction.

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

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